2nd Quarter Biology/Honors Biology Exam Study Guide
Cell Biology
What is the cell theory?
How is magnification determined on a light microscope?
Who was Hooke? Why is his work important?
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Know all the differences.
Know the function and location of the following cell parts.
Nucleus
Plasma Membrane
Cell Wall
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Draw a typical plant cell and a typical animal cell and label the parts.
What is the difference between plant cells and animal cells?
What are the levels of cellular organization?
Cellular Transport
What the difference between passive transport and active transport?
What does it mean to be selectively permeable?
What is diffusion? Give an example.
What is dynamic equilibrium?
What is osmosis?
Which way does water move if the outside environment is hypertonic?
Which way does water move if the outside environment is hypotonic?
Which way does water move if the outside environment is isotonic?
Be able to predict the movement of water into or out of cells based on descriptions.
Photosynthesis
What is the chemical equation of photosynthesis?
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
What are the products of photosynthesis?
What are the 2 steps of photosynthesis?
In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?
In which layer of cells in a plant’s leaf does the most photosynthesis occur?
Draw a chloroplast and label the parts.
Cellular Respiration
What is the chemical equation of cellular respiration?
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
What are the products of cellular respiration?
What is the relationship between ATP and ADP?
What is the net total number of ATP produced during all of cellular respiration?
In which organelle does aerobic respiration occur?
Which processes are anaerobic processes?
What is produced during lactic acid fermentation?
What kinds of organisms perform lactic acid fermentation?
What is produced during alcoholic fermentation?
What kinds of organisms perform alcoholic fermentation?
Compare cellular respiration with photosynthesis. Give at least 5 differences.
Molecular Genetics
What is DNA’s role in cells?
What is the structure of DNA called?
What are the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide?
What are the base pairing rules in DNA? Why is that important?
What bonds hold base pairs together in DNA?
What bonds hold phosphate groups and deoxyribose molecules together in DNA?
Why are Watson and Crick important?
What happens during DNA Replication?
When does DNA Replication occur?
Use the sequence of DNA below to produce a complementary sequence.
ACCCGATTA
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
What is the role of mRNA in cells?
What is the role of tRNA in cells?
What is the role of rRNA in cells?
What is transcription?
What is translation?
Transcribe and translate the DNA sequence below.
ACCCGATTA
Provide the tRNA anti-codons for the last question.
How are codons and anti-codons related?
What type of bonds hold amino acids together?
Where does protein synthesis occur?
Be able to use a codon chart (genetic code) to translate.
Be able to recognize drawings that show replication, transcription and translation.
What is a mutation?
Mitosis
What is the difference between chromatin and a chromosome?
Is Mitosis sexual or asexual reproduction?
What are the phases of Mitosis?
Be able to put the diagrams of Mitosis in order.
How many times does a cell divide during Mitosis?
How many cells are produced during Mitosis?
If an original cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be in the cells produced during Mitosis?
What kinds of cells are produced during Mitosis?
What is the purpose of the cell cycle and Mitosis?
What is uncontrolled cell division called?
You should study all of the topics on this study guide thoroughly using your textbook, notes, worksheets, previous study guides, returned formal assessments and any other material pertaining to these topics. The 2nd Quarter Exam was developed by the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County School System. It may also include questions from the 1st Quarter material.