YU-ISSN 0352-5139

J.Serb.Chem.Soc. Vol 68, No 8–9(2003)

CONTENTS

Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry

A. Georgakopoulos: Aspects of solid state 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy in coals from the Balkan peninsula

599

R. G. Patel., J. V. Patel, M. P. Patel and R. G. Patel: Synthesis and characterization of ether linkage containing bis-fluoran compounds

607

D. Markovi}: Energy storage in the photosynthetic electron-transport chain. An analogy with Michaelis-Menten kinetics

615

Polymers

S. Koseva, S. Brezovska, V. Bo{evska and D. Burevski: Bentonite, stabilizer for suspension polymerization

629

Inorganic Chemistry

S. S. Konstantinovi}, B. C. Radovanovi}, @. Caki} and V. Vasi}: Synthesis and characterization of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 3-salicylidenehydrazono-2-indolinone

641

Electrochemistry

M. G. Pavlovi}, N. D. Nikoli} and K. I. Popov: The current efficiency during the cathodic period of reversing current in copper powder deposition and the overall current efficiency

649

Materials

B. R. Simonovi}, S. V. Mentus and R. Dimitrijevi}: Kinetic and structural aspects of tantalum hydride formation

657

D. Manasijevi}, D. @ivkovi}, I. Katayama and @. @ivkovi}: Calculation of activities in some gallium-based systems with a miscibility gap

665

E. Garskaite, D. Jasaitis and A. Kareiva: Sol-gel preparation and electrical behaviour of Ln: YAG (Ln = Ce, Nd, Ho, Er)

677

Analytical Chemistry

D. K. Singh, B. Srivastava and A. Sahu: Spectrophotometric determination of ajmaline and brucine by Folin Ciocalteu’s reagent

685

M. Jeliki}-Stankov, P. Djurdjevi} and D. Stankov: Determination of uric acid in human serum by an enzymatic method using N-methyl-N-(4-aminophenyl)-3-methoxyaniline reagent

691

J.Serb.Chem.Soc. 68 (8–9)599–605(2003)

UDC 553.941.97:543.422.25(495)(497)

JSCS – 3068

Original scientific paper

Aspects of solid state 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy in coals from the Balkan peninsula

ANDREAS GEORGAKOPOULOS

School of Geology, Department of Mineralogy-Petrology-Economic Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece (E-mail: )

(Received 3 March 2003)

Abstract: The cross-polarized magic-angle-spinning NMR (CPMAS-NMR) technique was used in this work to assess the carbon distribution in coals of different rank (peat, lignite, xylite, sub-bituminous coal) from important deposits in Greece and Bulgaria. The technique is assumed to be only semiquantitative, due to a number of interferences, such as spinning side bands (SSB) in the spectra, paramagnetic species in the samples, and low or remote protonation of aromatic carbons. The Bulgarian sub-bituminous coal shows the greatest amounts of aromatic structures. The lignite sample from the Drama basin, Northern Greece, is relatively unaltered and largely unweathered, and shows the greatest amounts of aliphatic groups. The 13C-NMR spectra of Pliocene lignites from endemic areas in Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia, taken from published papers, show significantly more intense resonances for methoxyl, phenolic, and polysaccharide moieties compared to the Drama lignite NMR spectrum. Xylite reveals high contents of carbohydrates.

Keywords: Balkan endemic nephropathy, 13C CPMAS-NMR, Greece, lignite, peat, sub-bituminous coal, xylite.

REFERENCES

1. G. Metz, M. Ziliox, S. O. Smith, Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 7 (1996) 155

2. B. Nickel-Pepin-Donat, A. Jeunet, A. Rassat, Advanced Methodologies in Coal Characterization, H. Charcosset, Ed., Coal Science and Technology 15, Elsevier, 1990, p. 49

3. P. Conte, A. Piccolo, B. van Lagen, P. Buurman, M. A. Hemminga, Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 21 (2002) 158

4, J. C. C. Freitas, E. C. Passamani, M. T. D. Orlando, F. G. Emmerich, F. Garcia, L. C. Sampaio, T. J. Bonagamba, Energy & Fuels 16 (2002) 1068

5. W. A. Wilson, NMR Techniques and Applications in Geochemistry and Soil Chemistry, 1st ed., Pergamon Press, London, 1987

6. C. E. Snape, D. E. Axelson, R. E. Botto, J. J. Delpuech, P. Telely, B. C. Gerstein, M. Pruski, G. E. Maciel, M. A. Wilson, Fuel 68 (1989) 547

7. H. Sfihi, A. P. Legrand, Advanced Methodologies in Coal Characterization, H. Charcosset, Ed., Coal Science and Technology 15, Elsevier, 1990, p. 115

8. P. Tekely, D. Nicole, J. J. Delpuech, Advanced Methodologies in Coal Characterization, H. Charcosset, Ed., Coal Science and Technology 15, Elsevier, 1990, p. 135

9. T. M. Garver, K. J. Maa, K. Marat, Can. J. Chem. 74 (1996) 173

10. C. M. Preston, Soil Sci. 161 (1996) 144

11. P. Conte, A. Piccolo, B. van Lagen, P. Buurman, P. A. de Jager, Geoderma 80 (1997) 327

12. P. Conte, A. Piccolo, B. van Lagen, P. Buurman, P. A. de Jager, Geoderma 80 (1997) 339

13. I. Koegel-Knaber, Geoderma 80 (1997) 243

14. R. Cook, C. H. Langford, Anal. Chem. 68 (1996) 3979

15. R. Cook, C. H. Langford, Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 (1998) 719

16. J. I. Hedges, J. M. Oades, Org. Ceochem. 27 (1997) 319

17. A. Piccolo, P. Conte, Structure and Surface Reactions of Soil Particles, Wiley-Interscience, P. M. Huang, N. Senesi, J. Buffle, Eds., New York, 1998, p. 375

18. S. Haiber, P. Burba, H. Herzog, J. Lambert, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 364 (1999) 215

19. A. T. Martinez, G. Almendros, F. J. Gonzales-Vila, R. Frund, Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 15 (1999) 41

20. R. J. Smernic, J. M. Oades, Geoderma 96 (2000) 101

21. R. J. Smernic, J. M. Oades, Geoderma 96 (2000) 159

22. J. D. Mao, W. G. Hu, K. Schmidt-Rohr, G. Davies, E. A. Ghabbour, B. Xing, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64 (2000) 873

23. A. Iordanidis, B. van Lagen, A. Georgakopoulos, P. A. de Jager, C. Dijkema, 5th European NMR Large Scale Facilities User Meeting, Book of Abstracts (2001) P51

24. A. Iordanidis, P. A. de Jarge, A. Georgakopoulos, C. Dijkema, B. van Lagen, 6th European NMR Large Scale Facilities User Meeting, Book of Abstracts (2002) P37

25. R. Fründ, H. D. Lüdemann, in Physical and Chemical Characterisation of Plant Residues for Industrial and Fuel Use, A. Chesson, E. R. Orskov, Eds., Elsevier, London, 1989, p. 110

26. R. J. Smernic, J. A. Baldock, J. M. Oades, Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 22 (2002) 71

27. W. H. Orem, G. L. Feder, R. B. Finkelman, Int. J. Coal Geol. 40 (1999) 237

28. K. Christanis, Int. Peat J. 2 (1987) 45

29. P. G. Hatcher, I. A. Breger, N. A. Szeverenyi, G. E. Maciel, Org. Geochem. 4 (1982) 9

30. P. G. Hatcher, Energy & Fuels 2 (1988) 48

31. P. G. Hatcher, E. C. Spiker, W. H. Orem, in Peat and Water, Aspects of Water Retention and Dewatering in Peat., C. H. Fuchsman, Ed., Elsevier, London, 1986, p. 195

32. W. H. Orem, P. G. Hatcher, Int. J. Coal Geol. 8 (1987) 33

32. W. H. Orem, S. G. Neuzil, H. E. Lerch, C. B. Cecil, Org. Geochem. 24 (1996) 111

34. R. J. Smernic, J. M. Oades, Geoderma 89 (1999) 219.

J.Serb.Chem.Soc. 68(8–9)607–613(2003)

UDC 547.686:542.913:681.7.046

JSCS – 3069

Original scientific paper

Synthesis and characterization of ether linkage containing bis-fluoran compounds

RITESH G. PATEL, JIGNESH V. PATEL, MANISH P. PATEL and RANJAN G. PATEL

Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar-388 120, Gujarat, India

(Received 8 January, revised 28 March 2003)

Abstract: 2’-Chloro-6’-diethylaminofluoran and 2’-chloro-3’-methyl-6’-diethylaminofluoran were reacted with various diphenols in dimethyl formamide in the presence of potassium carbonate to give the related bis-fluoran compounds. All the synthesized derivatives were identified by conventional methods (IR, 1H-NMR), elemental analysis and UV-visible spectroscopy in organic solvent and 95 % acetic acid. All the fluoran compounds change their colour in acidic media.

Keywords: synthesis, bisfluoran compounds, colour change in acidic media.

REFERENCES

1. R. Muthyalal, Chemistry and Application of Leuco Dyes, Plenum Press, New York, 1997, p. 159

2. Y. Horiuchi (Yamada Chemical Co. Ltd. Japan), Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo, JP 09, 309, 272 [ C.A. 128 (1998) 95398j]

3. N. Arai, S. Okimoto (Kanzaki Paper Mfg. Co. Ltd.), Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo, JP 05, 169, 828, [ C.A. 119 (1993) 282323g]

4. Vincent, N. David, Chang, Chen Hsiring (Chempions International Corp.), U.S. 3, 954, 804 [ C.A. 85 (1976) 34654m]

5. Vincent, N. David, Chang, Cheng Hsiring (Chempions International Corp.), U.S. 4, 012, 419 [ C.A. 86 (1976) 173079m]

6. Sumitomo Chemical Co., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 82 31, 951 [ C.A. 97 (1982) 118520n]

7. Showa Denko, Jpn. Kokoku Tokkyo Koho, JP 62 261, 479 [ C.A. 109 (1988) 30251u]

8. M. Satomura, A. Takeda [Fuji Photo Film Co. Ltd.] Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, JP 05 70, 701 [ C.A. 119 (1993) 119502f]

9. Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd., Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho, JP 58 65, 696, [ C.A. 99 (1983) 45056v]

10. A. V. Despande, E. B. Namadas, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 110 (1997) 177

11. M. Vankateswara, A. J. Rajiwadia, P. H. Parsania, H. H. Parekh, J. Ind. Chem. Soc. 64 (1987) 758

12. Tokai Electrochemical Co. Ltd, JP. 82 77, 664 (1982), [ C.A. 97 (1982) 127266z]

13. W. Erich, M. J. Bodnar, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 9 (1960) 296

14. M. A. Abd-Alla, M. M. Kandeel, K. I. Aky, A. S. Hammam, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem. A-27 (1990), 523

15. A. V. Despande, E. B. Namdas, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 110 (1997) 177

16. S. Kimura, T. Kodayashi, S. Ishige (Fuji Photo Film Co. Ltd.), JP 71 12, 312 (1968) [ C.A. 75 (1971) 50411d].

J.Serb.Chem.Soc. 68(8–9)615–628(2003)

UDC 531.61.094.4:541.144:531.3

JSCS – 3070

Original scientific paper

Energy storage in the photosynthetic electron-transport chain. An analogy with Michaelis-Menten kinetics

DEJAN MARKOVI]

Faculty of Technology, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia and Montenegro (E-mail: )

(Received 28 August 2002)

Abstract: Simultaneous measurements of fluorescence and thermal emission have been performed by applying combined fluorescence and photoacoustic techniques on isolated thylakoids pretreated by prolonged illumination with saturating light. The traces were used to create Lineweaver-Burk type plots, proving clearly at least a formal analogy between the kinetics of the mechanisms governing fluorescence and thermal emission from isolated thylakoids and Michaelis-Menten kinetics of enzymatic reactions. Two characteristic parameters were calculated from them (energy storage and half-saturation light intensity) in order to obtain a basic, initial response of the photosynthetic apparatus functioning under photoinhibition stress.

Keywods: photosynthetic electron-transport, reaction centers, energy storage, fluorescence, thermal emission.

REFERENCES

1. W. H. He, R. Malkin, Photosynthesis, Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 29

2. K. Sauer, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. New Series. Photosynthesis III, Vol. 19, Springer-Verlag, 1986, p. 85

3. Govindjee, in Probing Photosynthesis. Mechanisms, Regulation and Adaptation, M. Younis, U. Pathre, P. Mohanty, Eds., Taylor and Francis, 2000, p. 9

4. R. Singh, in Probing Photosynthesis. Mechanisms, Regulation and Adaptation, M. Younis, U. Pathre, P. Mohanty, Eds., Taylor and Francis, 2000, p. 169

5. J. M. Howel, W. R. Vieth, J. Mol. Catalysis 16 (1982) 245

6. B. Ke, Photosynthesis; Photobiochemistry and Photobiophysics, Advances in Phtosynthesis, Vol. 10, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2001), p. 321

7. W. L. Butler, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series 5, Springer-Verlag, 1977, p. 149

8. S. Malkin, D. Cahen, Phtochem. Photobiol. 29 (1979) 803

9. N. Lasser-Ross, S. Malkin, D. Cahen, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 593 (1980) 330

10. R. Carpentier, R. M. Leblanc, M. Mimeault, Enzyme Microb. Technol. 9 (1987) 489

11. R. Carpentier, H. Y. Nakatani, R. M. Leblanc, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 808 (1985) 470

12. R. Carpentier, B. LaRue, R. M. Leblanc, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 228 (1984) 534

13. A. Yamagishi, S. Katoh, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 766 (1984) 215

14. O. Canaani, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 852 (1986) 74

15. G. Bults, B. A. Horwitz, S. Malkin, D. Cahen, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 679 (1982) 452

16. C. Buschmann, K. Prehn, Photobiochem. Photobiophys. 5 (1983) 63

17. M. Havaux, Env. Exp. Bot. 30 (1990) 101

18. G. Ouzounidou, R. Lannoye, S. Karataglis, Plant Science 89 (1993) 221

19. M. Havaux, F. Tardy, Planta 198 (1996) 324

20. M. Havaux, F. Tardy, J. Photochem. Photobiol., B:Biol. 40 (1997) 68

21. R. Carpentier, T. G. Owens, R. M. Leblanc, Photochem. Photobiol. 53 (1991) 565

22. M. Velitchkova, R. Carpentier, Photosynth. Res. 40 (1994) 263

23. C. Buschmann, Photosynt. Res. 14 (1987) 229

24. C. Buschmann, L. Kocsanyi, Photosynth. Res. 21 (1989) 129

25. J. F. H. Snel, M. Kooijman, W. J. Vredenberg, Photosynth. Res. 25 (1990) 259

26. D. Z. Markovi}, R. Carpentier, Biochem. Cell Biol. 73 (1995) 247

27. W. Yahyaoui, D. Markovi}, R. Carpentier, Optical Engineering 36 (1997) 337

28. S. I. Allakhverdiev, V. V. Klimov, R. Carpentier, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91 (1994) 281

29. V. B. Curwiel, J. J. S. van Rensen, Physiol. Plantarum 89 (1993) 97

30. B. Genty, J-M. Briantais, N. R. Baker, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 990 (1989) 87

31. B. Genty, J. Harbinson, J-M. Briantais, N. R. Baker, Photosynth. Res. 25 (1990) 249

32. O. van Kooten, J. F. H. Snel, Photosynth. Res. 25 (1990) 147

33. R. Carpentier, R. M. Leblanc, M. Mimeault, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 975 (1989) 370

34. E. Kohen, R. Santus, J. H. Hirschberg, Photobiology, Academic Press, 1995, p. 177

35. U. Schreiber, W. Bilger, H. Hormann, C. Heubauer, Photosynthesis, Cambridge University Press, 1998, p. 320

36. K. Karukstis, Chlorophylls, CRC Press, 1991, p. 769.

J.Serb.Chem.Soc. 68(8–9)629–639(2003)

UDC 666.32:66.095.26+66–948

JSCS – 3071

Original scientific paper

Bentonite, stabilizer for suspension polymerisation

S. KOSEVA, S. BREZOVSKA, V. BO[EVSKA and D. BUREVSKI

University “Sv. Kiril i Metodij”, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Rudjer Bo{kovi} bb, 1000 Skopje, R. of Macedonia

(Received 11 October 2002, revised 7 February 2003)

Abstract: In suspension polymerizations, stabilizers play a crucial role in the particle formation. An effective stabilizer must be able to maintain complete coverage of the surface by both physical and/or anchoring adsorption. In this work the possibility of using original bentonite and bentonite with a high percentage of montmorillonite, their acid-activated and monocationic forms as mixed stabilizer has been investigated. Styrene was used as the monomer. Beads of polystyrene with spherical or elliptical shape were obtained, depending on form of the used bentonite. The results are discussed in terms of the acidity of the mineral surface, amphiphilic characteristic of the clay and the change of the contact angle between organic / water / mineral phase.

Keywords: bentonite, stabilization, polymerization, surface pressure, acidic surface.

REFERENCES

1. E. A. Grulke, “Suspension polymerization” in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, H. F. Mark, N. M. Bikales, C. G. Overberger, G. Menges, J. I. Kroschwitz, Eds., Wiley, N. Y., 1989, vol. 16, pp. 443–473