Evolution Vocabulary

Chapter 22

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

Charles Darwin

Natural Selection

Evolutionary adaptation

Evolution

Scala naturae

Carolus Linnaeus

Taxonomy

Fossils

Sedimentary rock

Stratum

Paleontology

Georges Cuvier

Catastrophism

James Hutton

Gradualism

Charles Lyell

Uniformitarianism

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

Theory of use & disuse

Theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

H.M.S. Beagle

Alfred Russell Wallace

Descent with modification

Ernst Mayr

Thomas Malthus

Artificial Selection

Homology

Homologous structures

Vestigial organs

Molecular homologies

Biogeography

Endemic

Theory

Chapter 23

Microevolution

Population genetics

Modern synthesis

Population

Gene pool

Fixed allele

Hardy-Weinberg theorem

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Conditions needed for H-W equilibrium

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Mutation

Point mutation

Gene duplication

Sexual recombination

Genetic drift

Bottleneck effect

Founder effect

Gene flow

Phenotypic polymorphism

Genetic polymorphism

Average heterozygosity

Geographic variation

Cline

Fitness

Relative fitness

Directional selection

Disruptive selection

Stabilizing selection

Diploidy

Balancing selection

Balanced polymorphism

Heterozygote advantage

Frequency-dependent selection

Neutral variation

Sexual selection

Sexual dimorphism

Intrasexual selection

Intersexual selection

Reproductive handicap of sex

Chapter 24

Speciation

Microevolution

Macroevolution

Anagenesis

Cladogenesis

Species

Biological species concept

Reproductive isolation

Prezygotic barriers

Postzygotic barriers

Habitat isolation

Temporal isolation

Behavioral isolation

Mechanical isolation

Gametic isolation

Reduced hybrid viability

Reduced hybrid fertility

Hybrid breakdown

Allopatric speciation

Sympatric speciation

Mechanisms of sympatric speciation

Polyploidy

Autoployploid

Allopolyploid

Adaptive radiation

Punctuated equilibrium model of speciation

Gradualism model of speciation

Stasis

Heterochrony

Allometric growth

Paedomorphosis

Homeotic genes

Hox genes

Species selection

Chapter 25

Phylogeny

Systematics

Molecular systematics

Fossil record

Fossil types

Morphological homology

Molecular homology

Analogy (analogous structures)

Divergent evolution

Convergent evolution

Homoplasies

Molecular homoplasy

Taxonomy

Binomial nomenclature

Specific epithet

Genus (genera)

Family

Order

Class

Phylum

Kingdom

Domain

Phylogenetic trees

Cladogram

Clade

Cladistics

Monophyletic grouping

Paraphyletic grouping

Polyphyletic grouping

Shared primitive character

Shared derived character

Outgroup

Ingroup

Character table

Phylogram

Ultrametric tree

Principle of Maximum parsimony

Principle of Maximum likelihood

Gene duplication

Orthologous genes

Paralogous genes

Molecular clock

Neutral theory