Name ______Per___
Protist Study Guide due ______
Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protista—Ch. 19 Summary
- most diverse kingdom (Can be animal-like, plantlike, or funguslike.)
- grouped together based on what they are not; they are NOT fungi, plants, or animals (but they are in the domain Eukarya)
- most are unicellular and microscopic
- grouped based on physical characteristics or how they get their food
- protists are found almost anywhere there is moisture or water, including oceans, lakes, ponds, rivers, damp soil, leaf litter, etc
- They have different ways of moving around and responding to their environment
- some are parasites
- many have specialized structures that allow them to respond to their environment (eyespots are an example)
- protists are thought to be the first eukaryotes
- sexual reproduction and multicellularity appeared first among the protists
- historically, plant-like (photosynthetic) protists are called algae and animal-like (heterotrophic) animal-like protists are called protozoa (word parts: first animal)
- today’s classification puts the protists into many phyla;
Complete the table using p.559-567 photos of “typical” examples will be throughout Ch. 19.
Kinds of Animal and Plantlike Protists
Phylum/Example Distinguishing Characteristic(s) Mode of Nutrition Drawing of a “typical” example
Protozoa with flagellaEx. Zooflagellates
p.559 / Move using______
Unicellular / ______
Protozoa with Pseudopods
Ex. Amoeba
p. 560 / Uses a “false foot,” to help the protozoa ______and eat. Unicellular / Ingestion takes place by the process of ______
Protozoa with Cilia
Ex. Paramecium
p. 561 / Move & get food using cilia
Unicellular / Heterotrophic
Plantlike protists (algae)
Ex. Volvox
p. 563 / Hundreds of individual algae cells join together to form a colony in the shape of a hollow ball / ______Plantlike protists (algae)
Ex. Euglena
p. 562 / Has animal like structures like an eyespot and plant like structures like chloroplasts / ______
p. 565 / Known for delicate glasslike cell ______(or shells) that have many shapes. / Autotrophic
Use Sections 2 and 3 of Chapter 19 to complete the following section:
Funguslike protists play an important role in ecosystems by recycling nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen back into the soil (569-570)
Funguslike Protists Examples/Habitat Description
Slime Molds
/ Includes both______slime molds and ______slime molds / Eukaryotic organisms that have both______and ______traits.Plasmodial Slime Mold
/ Fuligo septica, the _____ -______slime mold is typical of this group. Are commonly found on the underside of ______and ______. / They can grow as large as a ______in diameter. Can move like a giant ______.Cellular Slime Molds
/ The cellular slime molds are common in ______. / Each spore becomes a single ______-like cell. When food is scarce, they swarm together to form a slug like body that moves like a single ______.Water Molds
/ They are commonly found in ______habitats. The best known water mod is the downy ______,Phytophthora infestans which caused a disease called potato blight. / Like slime molds, many are ______, (return nutrients to the ecosystem.) However, some are parasites of plants and ______.Interpreting Competition Among Protists
Background:
Protists, like all organisms, must compete with one another for nutrients. To examine the effects of competition between two species of Paramecium, equal numbers of the paramecia were grown together and separately. Use p. 561 in your text to answer the following questions about paramecium.
· Where are paramecia found? ______
· Are paramecia autotrophic or heterotrophic? ______
· How do you know if they are autotrophic or heterotrophic based on the information on p. 561?
· What is the function of cilia?
· Paramecia have contractile vacuoles (p. 561). What does the contractile vacuole do? Why do they have one?
· Diagram a typical paramecium from Figure 2.4 on p. 561 following the rules for making a scientific drawing
Data:
Table 1. Competition in Paramecia
P. caudatum mixed / P. caudatum alone / P. aurelia mixed / P. aurelia alone# Days / # Organisms / # Organisms / # Organisms / # Organisms
2 / 17 / 11 / 30 / 20
4 / 20 / 31 / 59 / 70
6 / 25 / 52 / 68 / 97
8 / 18 / 60 / 77 / 100
10 / 11 / 64 / 82 / 103
12 / 8 / 61 / 85 / 100
Graph the data in Table 1 into the space provided below. Make sure you follow the “rules” for a correctly drawn multi-line graph. You must use the entire graph!
Figure 1. ______
Analysis:
1. Identify the Paramecium that grew best alone. ______
2. Identify the variables in this experiment (independent, dependent, and at least 3 constants).
Independent - ______Dependent - ______
Constants (3+) - ______
3. How would you explain the difference in the growth curves in the group that had both organisms (mixed)?
4. Why did both organisms grow better alone than they do together?
5. In a natural setting there would be more than two organisms present. Predict the effect that the presence of other organisms would have on the growth of the two species of Paramecium.
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