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Chemistry Test Review

  1. What is the definition of an element?

An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical or physical means.

  1. Which elements make up the solid portion of Earth?

Lithosphere – Oxygen, Silicon and Aluminum

  1. What elementsare common to living organisms?

Biosphere – Oxygen and Carbon

  1. Which elements make up the oceans?

Hydrosphere – Oxygen and Hydrogen

  1. Which elements are found in the Atmosphere?

Nitrogen and Oxygen

  1. What is the difference between an element and a compound?

An element has 1 type of atom and compound has 2 or more types of atoms.

  1. What is the purpose of the Periodic Table?

It tells you what the elements are and it’s organized by properties.

  1. What is a chemical symbol? Give the chemical symbols for: Neon, Hydrogen, Lithium, and Lead.

A chemical symbol is written with 1 to 2 letters with the first letter capitalized to represent an element. Neon = Ne , Hydrogen = H, Lithium = Li, Lead = Pb

  1. Does H2O represent an element or compound? How do you know?

H2O = compound because it is made up of 2 or more different atoms or elements.

  1. What is a chemical change?

A change that produces a new substance is a chemical change.

  1. How is a physical change different than a chemical change?

With a physical change a new substance is not formed. In a chemical change a new substance is formed.

  1. What forms from a chemical change?

A new substance is formed in a chemical change.

  1. What are some signs of a chemical change?

Temperature change, color change, production of a gas, production of a precipitate

  1. Give an example of a chemical change that shows gas production, an example for solid formation, an example for color change, and an example for temperature change.

Gas production – baking soda and citric acid

Color change – citric acid solution and indicator solution

Precipitate – baking soda and calcium chloride

Temperature – baking soda and citric acid

  1. Is matter created and/or destroyed during a chemical reaction? How do you know?

Matter is not created nor destroyed. Matter is just rearranged.

  1. What are 3 main element groups and how do compare them?

Metals, Nonmetals and Metalloids are the 3 main element groups. They are compared by their physical properties.

  1. What are the physical properties of elements classified as metals?

Shiny, conductor, malleable

  1. What are the physical properties of element classified as non-metals?

Dull, insulator, brittle

  1. What are the physical properties of element classified as metalloids?

Metalloids share the physical properties of metals and nonmetals.

  1. Describe where on the Periodic Table you would find metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

Metals – left, Nonmetals – right, Metalloids – stair steps