POSC 230 Part II
Roskin, pgs. 83-91,
Kelleher, Pgs. 79-84, IR11-16
KHRUSHCHEV AND THE CUBAN MISSILES
True or False Questions
1. When the Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957, John Kennedy tried to allay the fears of the American public by arguing that the U.S. was far and away superior to the USSR in every major technological, economic and political area. True or False
2. The Cuban Missile Crisis did hurt Khrushchev in Kremlin politics and two years later he was removed from office. True or False
3. In spite of the problems of domestic politics at home for President Nixon in 1973, the chief executive signed a treaty limiting missiles called SALT I and encouraged trade with the Soviet Union. True or False
4. From the 1930s through the 1960s, the Soviet system showed impressive growth, due to greater efficiency and not so much to more inputs. True or False
5. Foreign policy is inherently an elite game where often only a handful of people initiate any changes.True or False
6. Mikhail Gorbachev intended to destroy the Soviet state, knowing that this was the only way that true reform could be achieved. True or False
7. Perestroika not only promised a lot by restructuring the Soviet economy, but achieved a lot as well. True or False
8. In the party-free 1989 Polish elections, the Communist regime was trounced. True or False
9. According to Roskin and Berry, Gorbachev had a sound vision for the future and knew where he wanted to take the Soviet Union. True or False
10. George Kennan's was dead wrong when he suggested that it would take some 10 to 15 years for cracks to arise in the Soviet edifice. True or False
11. According to Roskin and Berry, many Russians, especially in rural areas, are better off today than under the old Soviet system. True or False
12. Under Putin's leadership in Russia, a vibrant and growing free press continues to develop. True or False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What does détente means? a) an understanding of a threat posed by an enemy, b) reassurance that a foreign nation does not have a trade war on its mind, c) cooperation among a group of states to ward off a common foe, d) relaxation of tensions between hostile countries.
2. How did the Kremlin hope to fix the imbalance of surging American nuclear missiles in the early 1960s? a) Steal from the U.S. the technology that would improve the range of nuclear missiles, b) They put some missiles in Cuba, c) Change the doctrine of massive retaliation to first strike, d) Concentrate on developing conventional forces and ignore nuclear weapons.
3. What strategy did Kennedy apply to stop and demand the removal of nuclear missiles in Cuba by the Soviets? a) He threatened an invasion of the island, b) He immediately notified the Soviets that the U.S. was on the verge of a nuclear missile launch directed at the USSR, c) He initiated a naval blockade, d) He used quiet diplomacy that successfully convinced the Soviets that it should remove the missiles and the U.S. would provide foreign aid.
4. In the early 1970s, what were the two primary issues that were on the minds of American voters that Nixon hoped to resolve? a) to shut down military bases in both the Philippines and South Korea, b) to finance large-scale public works projects for the Third World and demand that Europe share its global responsibilities, c) to insist that China stop threatening its neighbors and the Soviet Union quit protecting Vietnam, d) to end the draft and cut military spending.
5. What was the primary reason why the Soviets went into Afghanistan? a) Afghan rebels had initiated a series of terrorist attacks inside the Soviet Union, b) Afghanistan rebels were attempting to spread democracy throughout the region, including Soviet border states, c) Afghanistan has a large amount of oil, nickel and other natural resources, d) A Communist regime was threatened with overthrow.
6. Mujahedinrefers to: a) Muslim holy warriors, b) Religious leaders, c) Fasting during religious celebrations, d) Prayer requirements during the Muslim holy month.
7. A term that became a swear word after Chamberlain tried to reassure and accommodate Hitler in 1938: a) rapprochement, b) entente, c) détente, d) appeasement.
8. The highest stage of classic diplomacy where excellent relations are achieved between two countries and they commit to defend each other in case either is threatened: a) alliance, b) entente, c) appeasement, d) rapprochement.
9. Karl Marx theorized that capitalism, by its very nature: a) creates a peasantry, b) causes a series of economic depressions, c) creates a vanguard party, d) establishes a satisfied working class.
10. What was the primary reason for the collapse of the Soviet system? a) The Soviets were unable to control Eastern Europe, b) The Soviet political system alienated too many people, c) The Soviets failed to boost productivity, d) The Communist party paid its members too much in wages.
11. Who were the elites that wanted reform in the former Soviet Union and welcomed Gorbachev to power in 1985? a) the party hierarchy and small business owners, b) the lower level party members and intelligentsia, c) Soviet economists and some generals, d) the children of party leaders and technocrats who ran industry.
12. The most influential people in a political system according to political scientists, representing a small fraction of about 1 percent of the population: a) bourgeoisie, b) Jacobins, c) privileged, d) elites.
13. The policy of media openness under Gorbachev: a) glasnost, b) perestroika, c) nomenclatura, d) pravda.
14. From the point of view of the Soviet Union, what was the one bright spot during the Gorbachev era? a) The signing of the intermediate-range nuclear forces treaty, b) The expansion of a whole class of nuclear weapons, c) The tremendous support Moscow received from ethnic nationalities in the Republics, d) The Russian people simply loved him.
15. In 1991, he won the presidency of Russia in the first free election in the thousand years of Russian history. a) Mikhail Gorbachev, b) Tadeusz Mazowiecki, c) Konstantin Chernenko, d) Boris Yeltsin.
16. According to George F. Kennan, the United States foreign policy tends to conduct: a) an idealistic foreign policy, b) a legalistic-moralistic foreign policy, c) a realistic foreign policy, d) a belligerent and hostile foreign policy.
17. In his original Article X George Kennan wanted: a) a militarization of foreign policy, b) a more aggressive use of our nuclear arsenal to compel the Soviets to our way of thinking, c) a greater emphasis on diplomatic and economic forms of containment, d) a clandestine assassination policy where Soviet Communist leaders were neutralized.
18. Kleptocracy: a) rule by the many, b) rule by the few, c) rule by fiat, d) rule by thieves.
19. The average Russian male today can expect to live up to: a) 55 years, b) 60 years, c) 67 years, d) 72 years.
Fill-in Questions
1.What was learned about the Cuban Missile Crisis decades later?
a) The Soviets had some three ______nuclear warheads in Cuba,
b) If the U.S. had ______, the Soviets would have used them.
c) The U.S. would have ______and ______would have started.
2. In classic diplomacy,
a) the first step away from tension was ______.
b) If the process goes further, the two countries achieve a ______, French for approaching each other to establish reasonable relations.
c) If that worked then the next step is ______, which is a mutual understanding of who had what turf.
d) Then the next step is ______, a term that became a swear word after Chamberlain tried to appease Hitler.
e) An finally, an ______, a pact to help countries defend each other.
3. What are the two ways you can get economic growth?
a) By dumping more inputs into the system: labor, ______, raw materials, and energy.
b) The second way is to become more ______, using fewer inputs to produce more outputs.
c) Only the second way yields long-term, ______economic ______.
d) On the first path, eventually inputs ______.
4. An example of Soviet foreign policy being driven by domestic pressures:
a) Deliver _____ living standards, giving its people a feeling of belonging to mighty and growing ______.
b) ______, where both Marx and Lenin believed that capitalism would ______and the Kremlin must help the process along.
5. What led to the 3 reasons, cited by Roskin and Berry, for the demise of the Soviet Union?
a) ______overreach,
b) a defective ______,
c) bungled ______.
6. What are some of Vladimir Putin's goals?
a) Use ____ and natural-gas exports to regain influence.
b) Restore Russian pride by ______moves and symbols.
c) Keep Russia together by using ______. No region will depart the Russian Federation.
d)Control what it calls its “zone of privileged ______” of former Soviet republics.
.e) Keep Ukraine and Georgia from joining _____.
Outside Interventions
Kelleher, Pgs. 79-84
True or False Questions
1. Bilateral aid is designed to provide capital directly in the form of loans, revenue that generally comes from another country's government. True or False
2. As a percentage of donor GNI, the United States has always ranked well ahead of other industrialized states and its rating has steadily increased since 1960. True or False
3. In virtually all cases foreign aid takes the form of grants not loans that do not require repayment. True or False
4. Many of the world's largest businesses, called transnational corporations, have much greater resources than most members of the United Nations. True or False
5. Often many of the specialists who work for transnational corporations (TNCs) are brought in from the outside and the local villagers who benefit from projects, provide only the physical labor. True or False
6. When a country is poor in natural resources, social cohesion can compensate in assisting a country’s development. True or False
7. Geography has little to do with the problems faced by today’s developing countries, argue Kelleher and Klein. True or False
8. The African continent is located on both sides of the equator resulting in only one-fifth of the continent suitable for farmland. True or False
9. Overpopulation is a problem in low-income countries where high population growth rates exist alongside low economic growth. True or False
10. Ironically, the humanitarian work of missionaries and aid agencies in the developing world have produced long term problems because they have helped increase the lives of people without the economic conditions to help support them. True or False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The following is the result of trade earnings: a) research break-through, b) hierarchical efficiency, c) foreign exchange, d) technical knowledge
2. Convertible or hard currency: a) currency used to pay for foreign goods, b) currency that is printed in both Haiti and China, c) currency used to pay domestic government debts, d) revenue generated from scientific research.
3. Whenever aid comes from the World Bank: a) bilateral aid, b) international reserve, c) global financing, d) multilateral aid.
4. As a percentage of donor GNI, the following country gave the largest amount in foreign aid in 1999? a) Japan, b) Denmark, c) Britain, d) Germany.
5. Kelleher and Klein argue that the following 2 factors provide a positive context for development: a) corrupt-free society and a religious-based political system, b) effective police force and an agrarian economy, c) sufficient natural resources and stable population growth, d) available health care and a reliable culture.
6. The following countrywas relatively resource poor when it began the process of industrialization: a) Germany, b) Britain, c) France, d) Japan,
7. A serious deficiency or deficiencies in Japan that made it an unlikely candidate to become the second most successful economy in the world after WWII, according to Kelleher and Klein? a) it had an exploding population with a corrupt government, b) it lacked critical natural resources and had little arable land, c) it lacked a socially cohesive society with rampant, unstable financial institutions, d) it spent too much resources on its military and did not invest effectively in its infrastructure.
8. Why is it that advanced, developed countries with low population birth rates do not need high economic growth rates to maintain a relatively high standard of living? a) Because they have high tax rates to support and subsidize the middle class and working poor, b) Because they have already established an extensive industrial base which utilizes technology and creates products that can support their population, c) Because the international system is rigged to pay higher profits for the goods produced in the advanced countries at the expense of the poorer, developing countries, d) Because they effectively exploit the developing countries by extracting natural resources and raw materials at a cheap price and paying low wages to maintain a higher standard of living for the industrialized, developed countries.
9. Prior to industrialization, population growth was checked by a high death rate.Today such a condition that is now held steady by a low birthrate: a) demographic threshold, b) population stabilization, c) demographic transition, d) human demolition.
10. Why does an economy based on agriculture have a much higher population growth rate than an economy based on manufacturing and industry? a) Because poor countries do not provide the incentives to limit population size since children help subsidize the incomes of families, b) Because today’s technologies have failed to eliminate the need for human labor since machines are not as efficient in the agricultural sector, c) Because agriculturally-based countries are tradition bound and people in those countries refuse to give up their way of life, d) Religion has been used as a weapon to ideologically compel families in poor countries to have more children even if they do not want them.
Fill-in Questions
1. According to Kelleher and Klein, when it comes to international trade, what conditions make the developing poor countries much more vulnerable than the industrialized countries?
a) Historically, the developing world has provided ______to the international market, a legacy of colonialism.
b) Such products, like cash crops, are much more vulnerable to ______in the market, limiting a stable profit from which to plan a domestic economy.
c) Limiting the profits generated from products produced in the Third World is further exacerbated by the reliance of ______and ______that are typically controlled by businesses in the developed, industrial world.
d) The latter’s (richer countries) incentive is keep costs of raw materials _____, often playing poor countries off against the other.
2. What are some of the strings attached to the aid provided by the donor country to a poor country for development projects according to Kelleher and Klein?
a) The aid comes in the form of loans that must be paid back ______,
b) Any ______used for the projects must be purchased from businesses located in the donor country.
c) As a result, much of the aid financing never ______the donor country.
d) The practice not only helps the businesses in the donor country but ensures continued earnings because of the eventual need for ______and repairs.
e) Politically, the donor country expects the ______country’s support whenever key votes occur in the international bodies or forums.
3. Transnational corporations are often promised a favorable business climate in poor countries, such as:
a) low taxes,
b) freedom from environmental protection,
c) suppression of unions.
4. Most of the world’s developing countries struggling with serious social ills have the following problems:
a) insufficient natural ______,
b) explosive ______growth,
c) lack of social ______
d) ______.
Answers
True or False Questions, Roskin, pgs.83-91
1. False
3. True
5. True
7. False
9. False
11. False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. d
3. c
5. d
7. d
9. b
11. c
13. a
15. d
17. a
19. b
Fill in Questions
1. a) dozen, b) invaded, c) retaliated, World War III
3. a) capital, b) efficient, c) Sustainable, growth, d) run out
5. a) imperial, b) system, c) reform
True or False Questions, Kelleher, pgs. 79-84
1. True
3. False
5. True
7. False
9. True
Multiple Choice Questions
1. c
3. d
5. c
7. b
9. c
Fill-in Questions
1. a) primary commodities, b) fluctuations, c) processing, markets, d) down
3. a) taxes, b) environmental, c) unions
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