Anatomy & Physiology 2015-2016

Semester 2 Midterm STUDY GUIDE

Nervous System

  1. Know the difference between the CENTRAL and PERIPHERAL nervous systems in terms of parts and functions.

Neurons:

2. Be prepared to label a neuron.

3. Know:

The difference between sensory and motor neurons

The difference between synapse and neurotransmitter

What myelinated means

Action Potential

  1. Know:

What an action potential is

How it travels down a neuron

What ions and channels do

How polarity changes

What happens when an impulse gets to the end of an axon

Central Nervous System

The BRAIN

  1. Be prepared to match the following brain parts to their descriptions and/or functions.

  • Cerebellum
  • Cerebrum
  • Corpus callosum
  • Dura mater
  • Hypothalamus
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Pons
  • Subarachnoid space
  • Ventricles

  1. Be prepared to label the external and internal parts of the brain.

Special Senses

The EYE

  1. Be prepared to identify the actions and/or description of the following eye parts

  • Superior rectus
  • Inferior rectus
  • Medial rectus
  • Lateral rectus

  • Cornea
  • Sclera
  • Lens
  • Iris
  • Retina
  • Vitreous humor
  • Aqueous humor
  • Cones & Rods
  • Optic nerve

  1. Be prepared to label all of the eye parts listed above

The EAR, NOSE, TONGUE

  1. Be prepared to identify which organs are responsible for detecting olfactory, gustatory and auditory stimuli.
  2. For one of these special senses (hearing, tasting, smelling):

Identify if it is a mechanoreceptor, chemoreceptor, or photoreceptor

Trace the path by which its stimuli travel through the sensory organ to the brain.

How does age affect this sense

Cardiovascular System

  1. How do red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood?
  2. What are the primary internal and external portions of the heart? Be sure to include all chambers, valves, major arteries and veins.
  3. Know the path of blood through the body. Be sure to know if the blood at any given point is oxygenated or deoxygenated.
  4. Be prepared to answer questions about the regulation of heartbeats. Be sure to know the functions of the SA and AV nodes, as well as the purkinje fibers.
  5. Know the functional and major structural differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries.