HSM Chapter 11 Tables

Table 11-4: Distribution of Crashes by Collision Type and Crash Severity Level for Undivided Roadway Segments

Collision type / Proportion of crashes by collision type and crash severity level
HSM-Provided Values / Locally-Derived Values (Michigan)
Total / Fatal and injury / Fatal and injury a / PDO / Total / Fatal and injury / Fatal and injury a / PDO
Head-on / 0.009 / 0.029 / 0.043 / 0.001 / 0.045 / 0.108 / 0.138 / 0.022
Sideswipe / 0.098 / 0.048 / 0.044 / 0.120 / 0.155 / 0.062 / 0.061 / 0.189
Rear-end / 0.246 / 0.305 / 0.217 / 0.220 / 0.205 / 0.266 / 0.188 / 0.184
Angle / 0.356 / 0.352 / 0.348 / 0.358 / 0.149 / 0.180 / 0.184 / 0.138
Single / 0.238 / 0.238 / 0.304 / 0.237 / 0.321 / 0.242 / 0.299 / 0.349
Other / 0.053 / 0.028 / 0.044 / 0.064 / 0.125 / 0.143 / 0.130 / 0.188
SV run-off-rd, Head-on, Sideswipe / 0.270

Note: Locally-Derived Values provided courtesy of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT).

Table 11-6: Distribution of Crashes by Collision Type and Crash Severity Level for Divided Roadway Segments

Collision type / Proportion of crashes by collision type and crash severity level
HSM-Provided Values / Locally-Derived Values (Michigan)
Total / Fatal and injury / Fatal and injury a / PDO / Total / Fatal and injury / Fatal and injury a / PDO
Head-on / 0.006 / 0.013 / 0.018 / 0.002 / 0.009 / 0.018 / 0.033 / 0.006
Sideswipe / 0.043 / 0.027 / 0.022 / 0.053 / 0.120 / 0.059 / 0.055 / 0.139
Rear-end / 0.116 / 0.163 / 0.114 / 0.088 / 0.136 / 0.195 / 0.143 / 0.118
Angle / 0.043 / 0.048 / 0.045 / 0.041 / 0.046 / 0.086 / 0.143 / 0.034
Single / 0.768 / 0.727 / 0.778 / 0.792 / 0.626 / 0.605 / 0.604 / 0.633
Other / 0.024 / 0.022 / 0.023 / 0.024 / 0.063 / 0.036 / 0.022 / 0.072
SV run-off-rd, Head-on, Sideswipe / 0.500

Note: Locally-Derived Values provided courtesy of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT).

Table 11-9: Distribution of Intersection Crashes by Collision Type and Crash Severity

Collision type / Proportion of crashes by collision type and crash severity level
HSM-Provided Values / Locally-Derived Values (Michigan)
Total / Fatal and injury / Fatal and injury a / PDO / Total / Fatal and injury / Fatal and injury a / PDO
Three-leg intersections with minor road stop control
Head-on / 0.029 / 0.043 / 0.052 / 0.020 / 0.050 / 0.103 / 0.146 / 0.028
Sideswipe / 0.133 / 0.058 / 0.057 / 0.179 / 0.096 / 0.049 / 0.051 / 0.115
Rear-end / 0.289 / 0.247 / 0.142 / 0.315 / 0.293 / 0.299 / 0.198 / 0.291
Angle / 0.263 / 0.369 / 0.381 / 0.198 / 0.161 / 0.194 / 0.206 / 0.147
Single / 0.234 / 0.219 / 0.284 / 0.244 / 0.307 / 0.266 / 0.300 / 0.324
Other / 0.052 / 0.064 / 0.084 / 0.044 / 0.093 / 0.089 / 0.099 / 0.095
SV run-off-rd, Head-on, Sideswipe / 0.500
Four-leg intersections with minor road stop control
Head-on / 0.016 / 0.018 / 0.023 / 0.015 / 0.056 / 0.094 / 0.120 / 0.038
Sideswipe / 0.107 / 0.042 / 0.040 / 0.156 / 0.099 / 0.049 / 0.034 / 0.124
Rear-end / 0.228 / 0.213 / 0.108 / 0.240 / 0.238 / 0.216 / 0.149 / 0.248
Angle / 0.395 / 0.534 / 0.571 / 0.292 / 0.320 / 0.426 / 0.466 / 0.268
Single / 0.202 / 0.148 / 0.199 / 0.243 / 0.180 / 0.124 / 0.128 / 0.207
Other / 0.052 / 0.045 / 0.059 / 0.054 / 0.107 / 0.091 / 0.103 / 0.115
SV run-off-rd, Head-on, Sideswipe / 0.500
Four-leg signalized intersections
Head-on / 0.054 / 0.083 / 0.093 / 0.034 / 0.087 / 0.146 / 0.204 / 0.067
Sideswipe / 0.106 / 0.047 / 0.039 / 0.147 / 0.101 / 0.029 / 0.018 / 0.125
Rear-end / 0.492 / 0.472 / 0.314 / 0.505 / 0.380 / 0.318 / 0.159 / 0.403
Angle / 0.256 / 0.315 / 0.407 / 0.215 / 0.250 / 0.333 / 0.404 / 0.222
Single / 0.062 / 0.041 / 0.078 / 0.077 / 0.058 / 0.049 / 0.065 / 0.060
Other / 0.030 / 0.042 / 0.069 / 0.022 / 0.124 / 0.125 / 0.150 / 0.123
SV run-off-rd, Head-on, Sideswipe / 0.500

NOTE: a Using the KABCO scale, these include only KAB crashes. Crashes with severity level C (possible injury) are not included. Locally-Derived Values provided courtesy of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT).

Table 11-10: Summary of CMFs in Chapter 11 and the Corresponding SPFs

Applicable SPF / CMF / CMF Description / CMF Equations and Exhibits
Undivided Roadway Segment SPF / CMF1ru / Lane Width on Undivided Segments / Equation 11-12, Table 11-11 and Figure 11-8
CMF2ru / Shoulder Width and Shoulder Type / Equation 11-14, Figure 11-9, Tables 11-12 and 11-13
CMF3ru / Sideslopes / Table 11-14
CMF4ru / Lighting / Equation 11-15, Table 11-15
CMF5ru / Automated Speed Enforcement / See text
Divided Roadway Segment SPF / CMF1rd / Lane Width on Divided Segments / Equation 11-16, Table 11-16, Figure 11-10
CMF2rd / Right Shoulder Width on Divided Roadway Segment / Table 11-17
CMF3rd / Median Width / Table 11-18
CMF4rd / Lighting / Equation 11-17, Table 11-19
CMF5rd / Automated Speed Enforcement / See text
Three- and Four-Leg Stop-Controlled Intersection SPFs / CMF1i / Intersection Angle / Tables 11-20, 11-21
CMF2i / Left-Turn Lane on Major Road / Tables 11-20, 11-21
CMF3i / Right-Turn Lane on Major Road / Tables 11-20, 11-21
CMF4i / Lighting / Tables 11-20, 11-21

Table 11-11: CMF for Lane Width on Undivided Roadway Segments (CMFRA)

Lane Width (ft) / AADT (veh/day)
< 400 / 400 to 2000 / > 2000
9 / 1.04 / 1.38
9.5 / 1.03 / 1.31
10 / 1.02 / 1.23
10.5 / 1.02 / 1.14
11 / 1.01 / 1.04
11.5 / 1.01 / 1.02
12 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00

Note: The collision types related to lane width to which this CMF applies include run-off-the-road, head-on crashes, and sideswipes.

Table 11-12: CMF for Collision Types Related to Shoulder Width (CMFWRA)

Shoulder Width (ft) / AADT (veh/day)
< 400 / 400 to 2000 / > 2000
0 / 1.10 / 1.50
1 / 1.09 / 1.40
2 / 1.07 / 1.30
3 / 1.05 / 1.23
4 / 1.02 / 1.15
5 / 1.01 / 1.08
6 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00
7 / 0.99 / 0.94
8 / 0.98 / 0.87

Note: The collision types related to shoulder width to which this CMF applies include single-vehicle run-off-the-road and multiple-vehicle head-on, opposite-direction sideswipe, and same-direction sideswipe crashes.

Table 11-13: CMF for Collision Types Related to Shoulder Types and Shoulder Widths (CMFTRA)

Shoulder Type / Shoulder width (ft)
0 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10
Paved / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00
Gravel / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.01 / 1.01 / 1.01 / 1.02 / 1.02 / 1.02 / 1.02 / 1.03 / 1.03
Composite / 1.00 / 1.01 / 1.02 / 1.02 / 1.03 / 1.04 / 1.04 / 1.05 / 1.06 / 1.07 / 1.07
Turf / 1.00 / 1.01 / 1.03 / 1.04 / 1.05 / 1.07 / 1.08 / 1.10 / 1.11 / 1.13 / 1.14

Table 11-14: CMF for Side Slope on Undivided Roadway Segments (CMF3ru)

1:2 or Steeper / 1:3 / 1:4 / 1:5 / 1:6 / 1:7 or Flatter
1.18 / 1.15 / 1.12 / 1.09 / 1.05 / 1.00

Table 11-15: Night-time Crash Proportions for Unlighted Roadway Segments

Roadway Type / HSM-Provided Values / Locally-Derived Values (Michigan)
Proportion of total night-time crashes by severity level / Proportion of crashes that occur at night / Proportion of total night-time crashes by severity level / Proportion of crashes that occur at night
Fatal and injury, pinr / PDO, ppnr / pnr / Fatal and injury, pinr / PDO, ppnr / pnr
4U / 0.361 / 0.639 / 0.255 / 0.190 / 0.534 / 0.290

Note: Locally-Derived Values provided courtesy of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT).

Table 11-16: CMF for Lane Width on Divided Roadway Segments (CMFRA)

Lane Width (ft) / AADT (veh/day)
< 400 / 400 to 2000 / > 2000
9 / 1.03 / 1.25
9.5 / 1.02 / 1.20
10 / 1.01 / 1.15
10.5 / 1.01 / 1.09
11 / 1.01 / 1.03
11.5 / 1.01 / 1.02
12 / 1.00 / 1.00 / 1.00

Note: The collision types related to lane width to which this CMF applies include run-off-the-road, head-on crashes, and sideswipes.

Table 11-17: CMF for Right Shoulder Width on Divided Roadway Segments (CMF2rd)

Average Shoulder Width (ft) / CMF
0 / 1.18
1 / 1.16
2 / 1.13
3 / 1.11
4 / 1.09
5 / 1.07
6 / 1.04
7 / 1.02
8 / 1.00
9 / 1.00
10 / 1.00

Table 11-18: CMF for Median Width on Divided Roadway Segments without a Median Barrier (CMF3rd)

Median Width (ft) / CMF
10 / 1.04
20 / 1.02
30 / 1.00
40 / 0.99
50 / 0.97
60 / 0.96
70 / 0.96
80 / 0.95
90 / 0.94
100 / 0.94

Table 11-19: Night-time Crash Proportions for Unlighted Roadway Segments

Note: Locally-Derived Values provided courtesy of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT).

Table 11-22: Crash Modification Factors (CMF2i) for Installation of Left-Turn Lanes on Intersection Approaches

Intersection Type / Crash Severity Level / Number of Non-Stop-Controlled Approaches with Left-turn Lanesa
One Approach / Two Approaches
Three-leg minor-road stop controlb / Total / 0.56 / -
Fatal and Injury / 0.45 / -
Four-leg minor-road stop controlb / Total / 0.72 / 0.52
Fatal and Injury / 0.65 / 0.42

a Stop-controlled approaches are not considered in determining the number of approaches with left-turn lanes
b Stop signs present on minor-road approaches only

Table 11-23: Crash Modification Factors (CMF3i) for Installation of Right-Turn Lanes on Intersection Approaches

Intersection Type / Crash Severity Level / Number of Non-Stop-Controlled Approaches with Right-turn Lanesa
One Approach / Two Approaches
Three-leg minor-road stop controlb / Total / 0.86 / -
Fatal and Injury / 0.77 / -
Four-leg minor-road stop controlb / Total / 0.86 / 0.74
Fatal and Injury / 0.77 / 0.59

a Stop-controlled approaches are not considered in determining the number of approaches with right-turn lanes
b Stop signs present on minor-road approaches only

Table 11-24: Night-time Crash Proportions for Unlighted Intersections

Roadway Type / HSM-Provided Values / Locally-Derived Values (Michigan)
Proportion of total night-time crashes by severity level / Proportion of crashes that occur at night / Proportion of total night-time crashes by severity level / Proportion of crashes that occur at night
Fatal and injury, pini / PDO, ppnr / pni / Fatal and injury, pinr / PDO, ppnr / pni
3ST / 0.276 / 0.148
4ST / 0.273 / 0.106

Note: Locally-Derived Values provided courtesy of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT).

Notes for Tables 11-11, 11-12 and 11-16 for AADT 400 – 2000 see HSM.