Chapter 14 Review page 491-492 #1,2,5,7,8,9,12,15,20,22,23,26bc
1. Both acids and bases change the color of indicators and are electrolytes.
Acids taste sour, react with active metals to release H2(g), and react with bases to form a salt and water.
Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, and react with acids to form salt and water.
2a. Binary acids consist of hydrogen and a more electronegative element.
They are named using the prefix hydro-, followed by the root name of the second element and the suffix -ic.
Oxyacids consist of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element (usually a nonmetal).
Oxyacid names follow a systematic pattern. Acids whose name ends in -ic have one more oxygen atom than acids whose name has an -ous suffix do..
b. examples of binary acids: HF, HCl, and HBr;
examples of oxyacids: HClO3,HNO3, and H2SO4
5. a. Strong acids ionize 100% in dilute aqueous solution; weak acids ionize much less than 100%.
b. examples of strong acids: HCl and HNO3; examples of weak acids: HF and H3PO4
7. a. concentration of OH- ions in solution
b. Answers will vary. For example, NaOH(aq) is a strong base, NH3(aq) is a weak base.
8. a. hydrochloric acid
b. hydrosulfuric acid
9. a. nitric acid
b. sulfurous acid
c. chloric acid
d. nitrous acid
12. Monoprotic acids, such as HCl, can donate only one proton per molecule; diprotic acids, such as H2SO4, can donate two protons per molecule; and triprotic acids, such as H3PO4, can donate three protons per molecule.
15. a. HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) ® KCl(aq) + H2O(l )
b. H3O+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) + K+(aq) + OH-(aq) ® K+(aq) + Cl-(aq) + 2H2O(l )
c. H3O+ (aq) + OH-(aq) ® 2H2O(l )
20. a. The stronger an acid is, the weaker its conjugate base is.
b. The stronger a base is, the weaker its conjugate acid is
22. a. the term describes a species that can react as either an acid or a base
b. water
23. a. acid: CH3COOH, conjugate base: CH3COO−; base: H2O, conjugate acid: H3O+
b. acid: H2O, conjugate base: OH-; base: HCO31- , conjugate acid: H2CO3
c. acid: HNO3, conjugate base: NO31-; base: SO4 -2, conjugate acid: HSO4-1
26. b. HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq) ®KNO3(aq) + H2O(l )
H3O+(aq) + NO3−(aq) + K+(aq) + OH−(aq) ®K+(aq) + NO3−(aq) + 2H2O(l )
H3O+(aq) + OH−(aq) ® 2H2O(l )
c. Ca(OH)2(aq) + 2HNO3(aq) ®Ca(NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O(l )
Ca2+(aq) + 2OH−(aq) + 2H3O+ (aq) + 2NO3−(aq)®C2+(aq) + 2NO3−(aq) + 4H2O(l )
H3O+ (aq) + OH−(aq) ® 2H2O(l )