CP Chemistry Semester Two Exam
- Students can prepare a both sides of a 3” X 5” HANDWRITTEN note card (no Xeroxed cards will be allowed), which will be collected when exam is finished, please include your NAME.
- Student should bring their own calculator to the exam. All calculators will have the memory erased prior to the exam, and again after the exam is finished.
- Teacher will provide a periodic table, polyatomic ion table and molecular shape and polarity sheet.
- The exam will be composed of 70 multiple choice questions worth 140 points.
- No equations, constants, conversions will be given on the exam. That information should be included on the note card.
- The student must decide what information to include on the note card.
- Below is a list of topics for the exam. The student should go through each topic and write down any needed information.
Topics may include:
Bonding and Naming
Ionic bond/Metal & Nonmetal/ Cation & Anion Charges/ Electrostatic attraction/
Naming Ionic Compounds / Roman Numerals / Polyatomic Ions
Covalent Bond/ Nonmetal + Non Metal/ naming Molecular Compounds
Electronegativity difference to determine Nonpolar covalent bond/Polar covalent bond
Valence electrons – outermost S & P electrons
Stable Octet
Single bond /Double bond/Triple bond
Electron dot structures/Shared electron pairs/Unshared electron pairs
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)
Predicting shapes - Tetrahedral / trigonal pyramidal/ trigonal planar/ bent / linear
Reactions
energy change-endothermic/exothermic
atom rearrangement
precipitate/precipitation
solute/solvent
Writing reactions
conservation of atoms
conservation of mass
balancing equations
reactants/ products
balancing compounds
diatomic elements
subscripts/parentheses/coefficients
symbols used in equations (g, l , s , aq ), , , etc.
Reaction types
combustion CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O
synthesis A + B AB
decomposition AB A + B
single displacement (check activity series table) AB + C CB + A or XY + Z XZ + Y
double displacement (check solubility table) AB + CD AD + CB
Moles
Finding Molar Masses - H2O is 18.015 g/mol
Avogadro’s Number - 6.02 x 1023 particles/ 1 mole
Individual atoms ratio
Mole ratios in a chemical substance
Energy (in kJ)
Percent composition
Empirical formula
Molecular formula
Stoichiometry (See Stoichiometry Quiz)
Finding Molar Masses - H2O is 18.015 g/mol
Avogadro’s Number - 6.02 x 1023 particles/ 1 mole
Steps required to solve stoichiometry problems
conversion factors g x mol ; L x mol ; mol x g__
g 22.4 L mol
Ratios - mole ratios, molar mass, coefficient ratios
Reactants – excess/ limiting
Yield – actual/theoretical x 100 = % yield (how well a reaction proceeds)
Be able to:
determine the mass or moles of a product from the mass or moles of a reactant
determine the mass of a product from the limiting reactant
% yield from the theoretical yield and the actual yield
actual yield from the theoretical yield and the % yield
determine the mass or moles from volume of the reactant or product at STP
Gases
Properties of gases
Avogadro’s Law (22.4 L / mol) - a direct relationship of volume to number of moles(n) at STP
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) 0oC (or 273K) & 1 atm (= 760 mmHg or torr = 101.3 kPa = 14.7psi )
Convert pressures (atm to kPa to mmHg & torr) and temperatures (oC to K)
Relationship of pressure to volume - pressure = volume
Relationship of pressure to temperature - pressure = temp
Relationship of volume to temperature - volume = temp
Boyle, Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, Combined Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law – PV = nRT R = 0.0821 L atm
Gas Stoichiometry mol K
Solutions
Molarity
Molality
Dilution
Solubility
Solubility Table and Solubility Calculations
FINAL EXAM TIPS
Keep these tips in mind when preparing for final exams.
- Begin studying 10 days to a week before finals to avoid ineffective cramming at the last minute.
- Rather than reviewing the material chapter by chapter, make a list of general topics that are certain to be covered. Review well-known concepts quickly; spend more time on problem areas.
- If you choose to listen to music while studying, choose something light that is not distracting.
- Take brief breaks as a reward for completing different sections of material. Avoid allowing the breaks to become longer than the time spent studying. Instead of a break, use candy or a snack as an incentive.
- After a week of preparation, relax the night before the final. Review a little, then watch television or read a good book.
- Eat a good breakfast the day of the test to improve concentration and provide fuel for the brain.
- RELAX. The more tense you are, the harder it will be to remember the material.
Topics May Also Include Items I Missed In the Topics Mentioned Above