Course Outline

Instructor: Mrs. BloskyText:Biology, 2002, 6th edition,

e-mail: Miller, Levine

Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion).

2-2 (40-43) The Properties of Water

Explain how carbon is uniquely suited to form biological macromolecules.

2-3 (44-48) Carbon Compounds

Describe how biological macromolecules form from monomers.

2-3 (44-48) Carbon Compounds

Compare the structure and function of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in organisms.

2-3 (44-48) Carbon Compounds

38-1 (970-977) Food and Nutrition

Describe the role of an enzyme as a catalyst in regulating a specific biochemical reaction.

2-4 (49-55) Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Explain how factors such as pH, temperature, and concentration levels can affect enzyme function.

2-4 (49-55) Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Describe the characteristics of life shared by all prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

1-3 (16-20) Studying Life

Compare cellular structures and their functions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

7-1 (168-172) Life is Cellular

7-2 (173-183) Cell Structures

Describe and interpret relationships between structure and function at various levels of biological organization (i.e., organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and multicellular organisms).

7-2 (173-183)Cell Structures

7-4 (190-193) The Diversity of Cellular Life

Describe the fundamental roles of plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) and mitochondria in energy transformations.

7-2 (180) Cell Structures

8-1 (200-203)Energy and Life

Compare the basic transformation of energy during photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

8-2 (204-207) Photosynthesis: An Overview

8-3 (208-214) The Reactions of Photosynthesis

9-1 (220-225) Chemical Pathways

9-2 (226-232) The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport

Describe the role of ATP in biochemical reactions.

8-1 (200-203) Energy and Life

Describe how the structure of the plasma membrane allows it to function as a regulatory structure and/or protective barrier for a cell.

7-3 (184-189) Movement through the Membrane

Compare the mechanisms that transport materials across the plasma membrane (i.e., passive transport—diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; and active transport—pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis).

7-3 (184-189) Movement through the Membrane

Describe how membrane-bound cellular organelles (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus) facilitate the transport of materials within a cell.

7-2 (173-183) Cell Structures

Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis (e.g., thermoregulation, water regulation, oxygen regulation).

7-3 (184-189) Movement through the Membrane

37-3 (956-963) The Respiratory System

Describe the events that occur during the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division (i.e., mitosis or meiosis), cytokinesis.

10-1 (240-243) Cell Growth

10-2 (244-249)Cell Division

10-3 (250-252) Regulating the Cell Cycle

11-4 (275-279)Meiosis

Compare the processes and outcomes of mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions.

10-2 (244-249) Cell Division

10-3 (250-252)Regulating the Cell Cycle

11-4 (275-279)Meiosis

Describe how the process of DNA replication results in the transmission and/or conservation of genetic information.

12-1 (287-294) DNA

12-2 (295-299) Chromosomes and DNA Replication

Explain the functional relationships between DNA, genes, alleles, and chromosomes and their roles in inheritance.

11-1 (262-266) The Work of Gregor Mendel

12-1 (287-294)DNA

12-2 (295-299) Chromosomes and DNA Replication

Describe and/or predict observed patterns of inheritance (i.e., dominant, recessive, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles).

11-1 (262-266) The Work of Gregor Mendel

11-2 (267-269) Probability & Punnett Squares

11-3 (270-274) Exploring Mendelian Genetics

14-1 (340-348) Human Heredity

14-2 (350-351) Human Chromosomes

Describe processes that can alter composition or number of chromosomes (i.e., crossing-over, nondisjunction, duplication, translocation, deletion, insertion, and inversion).

11-4 (276-277) Meiosis

12-4 (308) Mutations

14-1 (352-353) Chromosomal Disorders

14-2 (352-353) Human Chromosomes

Describe how the processes of transcription and translation are similar in all organisms.

12-3 (300-306) RNA & Protein Synthesis

13-2 (327-329) Cell Transformation

7-1 (172) Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Describe the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and the nucleus in the production of specific types of proteins.

7-2 (173-183) Cell Structures

12-3 (300-306) RNA & Protein Synthesis

Describe how genetic mutations alter the DNA sequence and may or may not affect phenotype (e.g., silent, nonsense, frame-shift).

12-4 (307) Mutations

13-1 (320-321) Changing the Living World

16-1 (394) Genes & Variation

Explain how genetic engineering has impacted the fields of medicine, forensics, and agriculture (e.g., selective breeding, gene splicing, cloning, genetically modified organisms, gene therapy).

13-1 (318-321) Changing the Living World

13-2 (322-326) Manipulating DNA

13-3 (327-330) Cell Transformation

13-4 (331-333) Applications of Genetic Engineering

* Virus Booklet (Gene Therapy)

Explain how natural selection can impact allele frequencies of a population.

16-2 (397-403)Evolution as Genetic Change

Describe the factors that can contribute to the development of new species (e.g., isolating mechanisms, genetic drift, founder effect, migration).

16-2 (397-403)Evolution as Genetic Change

16-3 (404-410)The Process of speciation

Explain how genetic mutations may result in genotypic and phenotypic variations within a population.

16-1 (392- 396)Genes and Variation

Interpret evidence supporting the theory of evolution (i.e., fossil, anatomical, physiological, embryological, biochemical, and universal genetic code).

15-1 (368-372)The Puzzle of Life’s Diversity

15-2 (373-377)Ideas that Shaped Darwin’s Thinking

15-3 (378-386)Darwin Presents his Case

Distinguish between the scientific terms: hypothesis, inference, law, theory, principle, fact, and observation.

1-1 (3-7)What is Science?

1-2 (8-12)How Science Works

Describe the levels of ecological organization (i.e., organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere).

3-1 (62-65) What is Ecology?

Describe characteristic biotic and abiotic components of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.

4-3 (98-105) Land Biomes

4-4 (106-112) Aquatic Ecosystems

Describe how energy flows through an ecosystem (e.g., food chains, food webs, energy pyramids).

3-2 (67-73) Energy Flow

Describe biotic interactions in an ecosystem (e.g., competition, predation, symbiosis).

4-2 (90-94) What Shapes an Ecosystem?

Describe how matter recycles through an ecosystem (i.e., water cycle, carbon cycle, oxygen cycle, and nitrogen cycle).

3-3 (74-80) Cycles of Matter

Describe how ecosystems change in response to natural and human disturbances (e.g., climate changes, introduction of nonnative species, pollution, fires).

4-1 (86-89) The Role of Climate

4-2 (90-97)What Shapes an Ecosystem?

Describe the effects of limiting factors on population dynamics and potential species extinction.

5-1 (118-122) How Populations Grow

5-2 (124-128) Limits to Growth

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