AP Psychology Exam 6 Review
New Material:
1. Dr. Gaumer has been observing children at play, both alone and with others. He has concluded that motor skills, such as walking and throwing a ball, develop in all children in a fixed sequence that is relatively independent of the child's environment. Dr. Gaumer is supporting a ______theory.
a. habituational
b. maturational
c. behavioral
d. “tabula rasa”
2. Teratogens are especially damaging in the ______stage, because this stage is a critical period in prenatal development, an interval during which certain kinds of growth must occur if development is to proceed normally.
a. germinal
b. prenatal
c. embryonic
d. fetal
3. By one month of age, babies will stare longest at which of the following?
a. Objects with little contrast
b. Human faces or face-like drawings
c. Colorful, small-patterned wallpaper
d. Stationary objects
4. Baby Fedelia discovers a red chili-pepper on the floor and calls it “candy.” After she puts the chili-pepper in her mouth, she realizes that it is not at all like candy. According to Piaget, this experience will most likely result in
a. object permanence.
b. accommodation.
c. assimilation.
d. conservation.
5. Piaget's formal operational stage of cognitive development is marked by the first appearance of the ability to
a. conserve number and amount.
b. engage in abstract, hypothetical thinking.
c. form mental representations.
d. perform logical operations.
6. Harriet, the monkey, has been socially isolated since birth. Based on what we know from Harlow's research, which of the following symptoms is not likely to be seen in Harriet?
a. Huddling and rocking in a corner for hours
b. Sexual inadequacy
c. Abuse of her offspring
d. Refusal to eat
7. If Walt has developed an avoidant attachment style with his father, Michael, how will he respond when Michael returns to the room after a brief departure? Walt will
a. cry and beg for Michael to hold him.
b. cry for Michael, yet look away with disinterest.
c. smile and pay attention to Michael's return.
d. not notice that Michael has gone and returned.
8. Emily is very controlling and never allows her daughter, Jill, to initiate any activities. According to Erikson, eventually Jill will most likely experience ______when she tries to act independently.
a. mistrust
b. guilt
c. role confusion
d. stagnation
9. Elliott's authoritarian parents have set a curfew of midnight for him on weekend nights. When Elliott comes home at 12:30 a.m. (after curfew) and explains he was late because of car trouble, his parents most likely will
a. punish Elliott without discussion.
b. accept Elliott's explanation and decide not to punish him.
c. explain to Elliott that he made a mistake and needs to be punished.
d. do nothing.
10. Bridgett and Timothy are in their thirties and are interested in starting a family because they want children to carry on the traditions and ideals of their families after they are no longer alive. According to Erikson, Bridgett and Timothy may be dealing with the crisis of
a. autonomy.
b. industry.
c. intimacy.
d. generativity.
11. Matilda is seventy years old and in good health, with no signs of dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Matilda is most likely to experience some difficulties remembering
a. the name of her next-door neighbor.
b. what she had for lunch yesterday.
c. her phone number.
d. the recipe for her homemade brownies.
12. Heinz's wife is very ill and will die without treatment. Unfortunately, the only drug that can help her is very rare and much too expensive for Heinz to afford. If Heinz is presented with an opportunity to steal the drug, his postconventional moral reasoning would lead him to conclude that he
a. should not steal the drug because he will be jailed.
b. should steal the drug because life is more important than property.
c. should steal the drug because it is his duty as a husband.
d. should steal the drug because his wife will repay him later.
13. Leasha is trying to decide whether to use an illegal online song-sharing service. She thinks, “If I download songs from the Internet, the police could track me down and put me in jail. Since I really don't want to go to jail, I'm not going to use the service.” According to Kohlberg, at which level of moral reasoning is Leasha?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Nonconventional
14. Professor R.E. Search is reviewing studies on adolescence in Western cultures. According to the research he has found, it indicates that
a. most families experience a high level of conflict between adolescent and parent.
b. more than half of today's teens find early adolescence relatively trouble-free.
c. sexual activity among teens is on the decline.
d. in European American families, adolescents respond best to an authoritarian parenting style.
15. Which of the following suggests a genetic basis for gender differences?
a. Differential treatment of boys and girls by parents
b. The media glamorizing gender-appropriate behavior
c. Peer pressure among children to behave in gender-appropriate ways
d. Finding similar gender differences across cultures
16. Regina and Haoli saw a person on the quad dancing naked, painted all over like a lava lamp. Because Regina views the scene from the ______theory of personality, she believes that the dancer's behavior must be meaningful to him. Haoli, however, views the scene from the ______theory of personality, and she believes that some aspect of the dancer's personality is failing to control his impulses.
a. humanistic; psychodynamic
b. psychodynamic; humanistic
c. social-cognitive; humanistic
d. trait; psychodynamic
17. As a child, Raoul loved to prance around the neighborhood wearing silly outfits. As he got older, he realized that he couldn't continue this kind of behavior unless he found some way for it to be viewed as more socially acceptable. On realizing this, Raoul decides to pursue a career as a circus clown. According to Freud, Raoul's ______, which operates on the ______principle, is responsible for finding a socially acceptable outlet for his desire to run around wearing silly outfits.
a. id; pleasure
b. ego; reality
c. superego; morality
d. defense mechanism; denial
18. According to Freud, id functions are ______, while superego functions are ______.
a. innate; learned
b. sexual; aggressive
c. rational; irrational
d. based on the pleasure principle; based on the reality principle
19. Vincent has a bad day at work and unconsciously wants to punch his boss. However, instead Vincent goes home and energetically paints a picture of the devil, and he feels much better afterward. In this example, Vincent is using the defense mechanism known as
a. sublimation.
b. compensation.
c. displacement.
d. projection.
20. A teacher is excessively neat, always insists on washing the blackboard before and after class, and always cleans the classroom after his lectures. According to Freudian theory, the teacher may be suffering from a(n)
a. anal fixation.
b. repressed superego.
c. oral fixation.
d. phallic symbol fixation.
21. Little Rashidat gets out of his bed and tries to get into his parents' bed so he can snuggle with Mommy. Yesterday he threw a tantrum because Mommy would not let him shower with her. He has also been acting fearful toward his father. According to psychodynamic theory, little Rashidat is going through the ______stage.
a. oral
b. anal
c. phallic
d. genital
22. Which of these statements is not a criticism of Freudian theory?
a. Most of Freud's data were derived from an unrepresentative sample.
b. Freudian theory does not place enough emphasis on human instinct.
c. Freud focused more attention on male psychosexual development than on female psychosexual development.
d. Some of Freud's concepts cannot be empirically tested.
23. Juan is a teenager striving to overcome his feelings of not being as good at anything as his older brothers are. According to Adler's theory, Juan's striving for superiority indicates
a. a drive for fulfillment.
b. an improper style of life.
c. a pathological problem.
d. introjection.
24. A primary difference between Allport's secondary and central traits is that
a. secondary traits are more specific to certain situations.
b. central traits control less behavior.
c. central traits are defined by physiognomy rather than phylogeny.
d. secondary traits compensate for missing central traits.
25. Complete the following personal ad: Seeking an outgoing individual who enjoys social activities. Must also be adventurous and willing to try anything. In other words, must be high in ______and high in ______.
a. neuroticism; extraversion
b. openness to experience; conscientiousness
c. extraversion; openness to experience
d. conscientiousness; neuroticism
26. You are listening to a psychologist describe her approach to personality. She argues that through past learning, expectations about event outcomes are formed. Further, she suggests that one must consider the person, the environment, and the person-environment interaction. This psychologist follows a ______theory.
a. social-cognitive
b. psychodynamic
c. trait
d. humanistic
27. Tal has just graduated from college and is looking for a job. He believes that his prospects for finding a job are not very good because the market is flooded with qualified people in his field. Furthermore, Tal doesn't think he will do well during interviews. According to Bandura's theory of personality, Tal's combination of low self-efficacy and low outcome expectation is likely to lead to
a. assured opportune action.
b. resignation and apathy.
c. self-devaluation.
d. milieu change.
28. Nonprojective personality measures have been used widely for hiring purposes. The problem with this practice is that personality measures
a. are usually not adequate predictors of how a person performs in a job.
b. are not standardized.
c. are not able to identify mental disorders in job applicants.
d. do not obtain enough personal information about the applicant.
29. Nduta is developing a new test to assess individuals' personalities. She asks people to draw a picture of their families, and then she interprets the drawing to reflect aspects of the individual's personality. Nduta's test is a(n) ______personality measure.
a. nonprojective
b. projective
c. five-factor
d. reliable
30. Carl Rogers suggested that personality is the expression of ______as it unfolds in each person's unique perceived reality.
a. locus of control
b. growth orientation
c. conditions of worth
d. the actualizing tendency
Old Material and Free Response Question:
-Ventromedial nucleus
-Intrinsic/extrinsic motivational rewards
-Immune system cells and their functions
-Attachment research
-NREM/REM stages of sleep characteristics
-Stimulants versus Opioids
-Alcohol
-Tympanic membrane
-Gate-control theory of pain
-Enhancing sense of smell
-Parenting Styles (Baumrind)
-Operant conditioning
-Self-esteem
-Place theory
-Heuristics (availability versus representative)
-Positive versus negative correlation
-Self-reliance
-Self-efficacy
-Sensory memory/short term memory
-Parkinson’s/Schizophrenia
-Cross-sectional research design
-Positively skewed data
-Reuptake of neurotransmitters
-Longitudinal studies
-Statistical inference/descriptive statistics
-Alzheimer’s disease