Body Structures and FunctionsWVEIS Code 0716
Upon successful completion of this course students will understand the structures and functions of each system within the human body. Additional instructional components will include concepts that pertain to the body as a whole, applicable medical terminology, and the pathophysiology common to each system. Current technology will be utilized to master course standards. Students are provided the opportunity to participate in a Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO).
Standard 1:Body as a Whole (0716.S.1)
Students will describe terms and concepts applicable to the human body as a whole.
Body as a Whole Objectives
Students will:
0716.1.1Define anatomy and physiology.
0716.1.2Name two subdivisions of anatomy.
0716.1.3Identify the terms referring to location, direction, planes, and sections of the body.
0716.1.4Define metabolism, anabolism, catabolism, and homeostasis.
0716.1.5Explain the molecular structure and function of DNA and RNA.
0716.1.6Describe acids and bases.
0716.1.7Explain the process of neutralization.
0716.1.8Define pH, including the pH scale.
0716.1.9Give examples of the pH of various body fluids.
0716.1.10Explain the significance of pH for body function.
0716.1.11Define a buffer.
0716.1.12Define and pronounce medical terminology applicable to body structures and functions.
Standard 2:Cells (0716.S.2)
Students will describe the structure of a typical cell and the function of each component.
Cells Objectives
Students will:
0716.2.1Identify the structure of a typical cell.
0716.2.2Describe the function of each structure of the cell.
0716.2.3Define mitosis.
0716.2.4Describe the five phases of mitosis.
0716.2.5Define diffusion, tomosis, filtration, active transport, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis.
0716.2.6Explain what is meant by cell specialization.
0716.2.7Define tumor, benign, malignant, and metastases.
Standard 3:Tissue, Organs and Organ Systems (0716.S.3)
Students will describe tissues found within the human body and their relationship to organs and organ systems.
Tissue, Organs and Organ Systems Objectives
Students will:
0716.3.1Name the four main types of tissue and describe their function and location.
0716.3.2Define organ.
0716.3.3Define organ system.
0716.3.4Describe each system in the body in relationship to function and organs contained in each.
0716.3.5Discuss the process by which tissue is repaired.
0716.3.6Name the vitamins favorable to tissue repair.
Standard 4:Integumentary System (0716.S.4)
Students will describe the structures and functions of the Integumentary System including appendages and common diseases.
Integumentary System Objectives
Students will:
0716.4.1Define integument.
0716.4.2Describe the function of the skin.
0716.4.3Define epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous including their structure, function, and location.
0716.4.4List the appendages of the skin along with their structure, function and location.
0716.4.5Explain how skin functions as a barrier to microorganisms.
0716.4.6Describe the following disorders: acne vulgaris, athlete’s feet, dermatitis, eczema, impetigo contagiosa, psoriasis, ring worm, urticaria, furundes, carbuncles, shingles, herpes, skin cancer and bunions.
0716.4.7Describe common types of skin lesions in relationship to their characteristics and size, including an example of each.
Standard 5:Skeletal System (0716.S.5)
Students will describe the structures and functions of the skeletal system and common disorders associated with this system.
Skeletal System Objectives
Students will:
0716.5.1List the main functions of the skeletal system.
0716.5.2Explain how bones are classified.
0716.5.3Name and define types of joint movement.
0716.5.4Describe the process by which bone is formed.
0716.5.5Label the parts of the long bone and describe their structure and function.
0716.5.6Explain how bones grow.
0716.5.7Name and locate the bones of the skeleton.
0716.5.8Define four types of fractures.
0716.5.9Define open reduction, closed reduction and traction.
0716.5.10Identify common bone and joint disorders.
Standard 6:Muscular System (0716.S.6)
Students will describe the structure and functions of each muscle type, including common disorders of the muscular system.
Muscular System Objectives
Students will:
0716.6.1Describe the function of muscle.
0716.6.2Name, describe and give the location for each type of muscle.
0716.6.3Define contractibility, extensibility, elasticity, and innitability as it relates to muscular function.
0716.6.4Describe how muscles work as a pair.
0716.6.5Explain origin and insertion of muscle.
0716.6.6Define antagonist, flexor, extensor, levator, depressor and dilator.
0716.6.7Explain energy and heat in relationship to muscle work.
0716.6.8Explain muscle fatigue and muscle tone.
0716.6.9Name, locate and describe the function of the main skeletal muscles.
0716.6.10Explain how sports training affects muscles.
0716.6.11Identify common muscular disorders.
Standard 7:Circulatory System, the Heart, and Blood Vessels (0716.S.7)
Students will describe the structures and functions of the circulatory system, including the heart and applicable diseases.
Circulatory System, the Heart, and Blood Vessels Objectives
Students will:
0716.7.1Describe the function of the circulatory system.
0716.7.2List and locate the components of the circulatory system.
0716.7.3Discuss substances that are added and removed from the blood during circulation through body organs.
0716.7.4Describe the structures of the heart and their functions.
0716.7.5Trace the blood pathway through the cardiopulmonary circulation.
0716.7.6Trace the conductive pathway of an electrical impulse by a heart contraction, describing the resulting function.
0716.7.7Identify possible disorders of the heart.
0716.7.8Name and describe the specialized circulatory systems.
0716.7.9Trace the blood in fetal circulation.
0716.7.10List and describe the types of blood vessels.
0716.7.11Identify the principal arteries and veins of the body.
0716.7.12Explain the process by which blood flows through the arteries and veins.
0716.7.13Describe systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
0716.7.14Describe various disorders of the blood vessels.
Standard 8:Blood (0716.S.8)
Students will describe the structures and functions of the blood, including blood types and various disorders.
Blood Objectives
Students will:
0716.8.1List and describe the functions of important components of the blood.
0716.8.2Name the three types of blood cells.
0716.8.3Define hemoglobin, erythropoiesos, hemolysis, and coagulation.
0716.8.4Describe the inflammation process.
0716.8.5Describe the four types of blood.
0716.8.6Discuss the signifance of the Rh antigen.
0716.8.7Recognize normal blood vessels.
0716.8.8Describe various disorders of the blood.
Standard 9: The Lymphatic System and Immunity (0716.S.9)
Students will describe the structures and functions of the lymphatic system, understanding its role in immunity.
The Lymphatic System and Immunity Objectives
Students will:
0716.9.1Describe the lymphatic system and define its components.
0716.9.2Define lymph nodes.
0716.9.3Explain the role of the tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland to the lymphatic system.
0716.9.4Define immunity and describe two types of immunity.
0716.9.5Define immunization, antigen, immunoglobility and autoimmune disease.
0716.9.6Explain the process of hypersensitivity or allergy development.
0716.9.7Define anaphylaxis.
0716.9.8List the symptoms of AIDS.
0716.9.9Describe how AIDS is transmitted and measures to prevent its transmission.
0716.9.10Describe standard precautions.
Standard 10:Respiratory System (0716.S.10)
Students will describe the structures and function of the respiratory system.
Respiratory System Objectives
Students will:
0716.10.1Describe the function of the respiratory system.
0716.10.2Describe the structures and functions of the components of the respiratory system.
0716.10.3Define mediastinum.
0716.10.4Explain the breathing process.
0716.10.5Describe the nervous and chemical factors necessary for the control of breathing.
0716.10.6Name and describe four types of lung capacity volumes.
0716.10.7Describe and recognize the following symptoms: apnea, dyspnea, eypnea, hyperpnia, orthopnea, and tachypnea.
0716.10.8Discuss infections and noninfectious disorders of the respiratory system.
Standard 11:Digestive System (0716.S.11)
Students will describe the structures and functions of the digestive system, including common disorders.
Digestive System Objectives
Students will:
0716.11.1Describe the structures and functions of the digestive system.
0716.11.2Trace the digestion of food from the oral cavity until it leaves the alimentary canal, including the mechanical and chemical digestion.
0716.11.3Describe the action of the enzymes on carbohydrates, fats, and protein.
0716.11.4Discuss common disorders of the digestive system.
Standard 12:Urinary System (0716.S.12)
Students will describe structures and functions of the organs of the urinary system, including common disorders.
Urinary System Objectives
Students will:
0716.12.1Describe the structures and functions of the organs of the urinary system.
0716.12.2Explain how urine is found in the Nephron.
0716.12.3Describe the chemical and nervous system control of urine secretion.
0716.12.4Describe common disorders of the urinary system.
Standard 13:Endocrine System (0716.S.13)
Students will describe the function of the glands of the endocrine system including disorders common to the system.
Endocrine System Objectives
Students will:
0716.13.1List the glands of the endocrine system and describe their functional location.
0716.13.2Explain how the negative feedback system controls the secretion of hormones.
0716.13.3Discuss prostaglandins.
0716.13.4List the causative factors for endocrine gland disorders.
0716.13.5Describe common disorders of the endocrine system.
Standard 14:Nervous System (0716.S.14)
Students will describe the structures and functions of the nervous system, including disorders of the brain and spinal cord.
Nervous System Objectives
Students will:
0716.14.1Describe the functions of the nervous system.
0716.14.2List and describe main divisions of the nervous system.
0716.14.3Label the parts of the neuron and explain their function.
0716.14.4Identify the parts of the brain and describe the function of each part.
0716.14.5Describe the structure of the brain and spinal cord.
0716.14.6Define cerebrospinal fluid and explain its circulation.
0716.14.7Describe the functions of the spinal cord.
0716.14.8Describe disorders of the brain and spinal cord.
0716.14.9Describe a mixed nerve.
0716.14.10Describe the functions of the cranial and spinal nerves.
0716.14.11Explain the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
0716.14.12Explain the simple reflex arc.
0716.14.13Describe various disorders of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Standard 15:The Eye and The Ear (0716.S.15)
Students will describe the structures and functions of the eye and ear and discuss common disorders of each.
The Eye and The Ear Objectives
Students will:
0716.15.1Describe the functions of sensory receptors.
0716.15.2Identify the parts of the eye and describe their functions.
0716.15.3Trace a pathway of light from outside to the brain.
0716.15.4Identify the parts of the ear and describe their function.
0716.15.5Trace the pathway of sound from entrance into the ear and the brain.
0716.15.6Describe common disorders of the eye and the ear.
Standard 16:Reproductive System (0716.S.16)
Students will describe the structures and functions of the reproductive system, including common disorders.
Reproductive System Objectives
Students will:
0716.16.1Explain meiosis.
0716.16.2Explain the process of fertilization.
0716.16.3Identify the organs of the female reproductive system and explain their function.
0716.16.4Describe the structure and function of the breast.
0716.16.5Identify the organs of the male reproductive system and explain their function.
0716.16.6Describe the stages of the menstrual cycle.
0716.16.7Define zygotes, embryo and fetus.
0716.16.8Explain menopause and the changes which occur during this time.
0716.16.9Discuss infertility, artificial insemination, and in-vitro fertilization.
0716.16.10List common disorders of the reproductive system.
Standard 17:Genetics (0716.S.17)
Students will define genetics and human genetic disorders.
Genetics Objectives
Students will:
0716.17.1Define genetics and human genetic disorders.
0716.17.2Discuss the two main types of mutation.
0716.17.3Describe various genetic disorders.
0716.17.4Discuss genetics counseling and genetic engineering.