Chapter 27
Review
Vocabulary:
Totalitarian State
Fascism
Nazis
Scapegoat
Concentration Camp
Appeasement
Blitzkreig
Axis/Allies
Atlantic Charter
Rationing
Rosie the Riveter
Tuskegee Airmen
D-Day
Battle of the Bulge
Island Hopping
Navajo Code Talkers
Kamikaze
Holocaust
Nuremberg Trials
KEY QUESTIONS
1. What are the characteristics of “fascism”?
Nationalism, militarism, and totalitarianism (total control of life by one person or group)
2. What happened to critics of government in a totalitarian state like the Soviet Union?
They could be arrested, lose their jobs, be physically tortured, jailed, or killed.
3. What were Hitler’s first acts of aggression against Europe?
Built up his army in defiance of the Versailles Treaty, invaded and took over German-speaking parts of Czechoslovakia and France, and finally sent troops in to Poland.
4. How did the US help the Allies without sending soldiers to fight the Axis? Sold weapons and military supplies to the Allies.
5. What was the purpose of the Atlantic Charter Skip this question
6. How did Britain try to “appease” Hitler at the Munich Conference?
They let him take the Sudetenland, a part of Czechoslovakia where many German-speaking people lived, and hoped that would satisfy him.
7. Why did the Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor?
We had an embargo on oil, which they needed for their war efforts in Asia. They wanted to cripple our navy before we entered the war against them.
8. Why was rationing necessary during World War 2?
Certain items were scarce, and were needed for the war effort, such as metal, rubber, and oil, as well as food for the soldiers.
9. How did women’s roles in America change during the war?
Women took on men’s jobs, working in factories to produce weapons and military vehicles. (“Rosie the Riveter” was a fictional symbol of the new working women).
10. Why did Hitler try to find a “scapegoat” for Germany’s economic problems? Who did he blame? He wanted to focus the German people on a specific enemy who was responsible for all Germany’s economic problems. He chose to blame the Jews of Germany as well as the rest of Europe.
11. How did D-Day change the “tide of battle” in World War 2?
It shifted the German army’s attention from the Eastern Front against the Soviet Union, to both fronts, causing Germany to retreat on both fronts.
12. How did the geography of the Pacific affect the war with Japan?
The US used a strategy called “Island Hopping”, where they had to take over one island at a time in order to get closer to Japan. They needed each island to launch air and sea attacks.
13. Put the following battle of military conflicts in order:
N. Africa, Sicily, D-Day, Germany
14. What happened to Japanese-Americans during World War 2 and why?
They were rounded up and put into “internment camps”, or concentration camps, because Americans questioned their loyalty and thought they may spy for Japan.
15. How did Native Americans help in the war effort?
Navajo Indians worked as communications experts, using their language as a code that the Japanese couldn’t figure out.
16. How were African-American soldiers treated during World War 2? They still had to serve in segregated units, and usually did menial jobs like truck drivers, cooks, and mechanics.
17. How were African-American workers at home affected by World War 2? They worked in factories side by side with whites. Laws were made to guarantee that discrimination didn’t exist at companies that make weapons and munitions.
18. Why did the US warn the Japanese to surrender in the Potsdam Declaration? The US had developed atomic bombs, which were capable of killing entire cities in an instant.
19. Why did the Japanese use “kamikaze” pilots at the end of war? They believed that it was noble and good to die for the emperor (this was called “Bushido”, a code of the warrior).
20. What was the purpose of the Nuremberg Trials? To put war criminals on trial for atrocities committed during the Holocaust.
21. What were the major victories for the Allies against the Japanese?
Iwo Jima, Okinawa
22. How did the American economy “mobilize” to help fight the war?
Factories switched production from civilian consumer goods to war goods . The government rationed commodities like gasoline, sugar, coffee.
23. List three Axis countries and three Allies? Axis: Germany, Italy, Japan. Allies: US, England, Soviet Union.
24. Give 3 causes of the Holocaust. Centuries old anti-Semitism, the Versailles Treaty crippled the economy of Germany, and Jews were a scapegoat. No country stood up to the Nazis, and the world watched as the Holocaust began.