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The present part of the E-sc@n questionnaire is devoted to conventional techniques: how samples are collected, transmitted, received, and treated. A second part will address diagnostic features using conventional stains: how normal, reactive and malignant cells are recognized. A third part will address ancillary techniques, of which immunocytochemistry is the best known, and the most widely applied method.

Your name and degree (optional)

First part: Conventional methods

Background – laboratory activity

Your laboratory name and address
Your E-mail address
Number of cases you handle / monthly / annually

Collecting and receiving the fluid

What do you recommend? / 30 ml tubes ---lessmore
Sterile containers / ---yesnono particular advice
What sort of container do you receive?
How many tubes?
With EDTA / ---yesno
With another anticoagulant? / ---yesno Which one?
With a fixative? / ---yesno Which one?
When do you process? / Immediately after receiptIn the hour following receiptThe day of receiptUp to 12 hoursUp to 24 hoursUp to 48 hours
Do you incubate at +4°C? / neversomtimes - Why?
Do you freeze? / neversomtimes - Why?

Free text

Medical history and biological data

On receipt, are you aware of the medical history? / ---yesno note
On receipt, are you aware of the clinical context? / ---yesno note
On receipt, are you aware of radiological data? / ---yesno note

If yes at any step:

By means of a well-designed transmission sheet? / ---yesno note
By means of handwritten data from the clinician? / ---yesno note
By means of connection with a secured server? / ---yesno note

Other (precise)

On receipt or at any phase of the process, are you aware of the exudative/transudative nature of the effusion? / ---yesno note

Free text

Controls

On receipt, do you note the total quantity of fluid? / ---yesno note
On receipt, do you note the macroscopic aspect of the fluid? / ---yesno note

Cell fixation

At the laboratory, do you add some fixative? / ---yesno if yes, which one?

Free text

Concentrating cells

Before concentrating:

On receipt, do you mix every tube? / ---yesno
Do you shake vigorously (if clot)? / ---yesno
Do you transfer into conical tubes? / ---yesno
Do you add albumine or other coating? / ---yesno

Which coating medium, and what quantity do you use exactly?

Sedimentation:

Do you use sedimentation? / neversometimesoftensistematically

For what reasons?

Centrifugation:

Do you use routinely centrifugation? / ---yesno / What speed (or how many g)?
What time period? / min / Temperature? / room temperatureat 4°c
If the cell pellet is poorly, or hardly visible, do you use cytocentrifugation? / ---yesno

If no, why?

Cytocentrifugation:

Do you systematically use cytocentrifugation? / ---yesno
Do you know the name and characteristics of your device? / ---yesno note
Do you proceed to a cell count before cytocentrifugation? / ---yesno
Do you use reusable chambers? / ---yesno / Do you use disposable chambers? / ---yesno

If yes, of what type?

What quantity of fluid do you process? / Less than 500 microliter in each chamberMore than 500 microliter in each chamber

Free text

Cell blocks not concerned

Are you used to prepare cell blocks? / ---yesno

How do you proceed?

Shandon Cytoblock method? / Automated method?
Personal technique (explain in the free text)

Free text

Liquid based cytology not concerned

Types

Methods

Free text

Removing blood

In case oh haemorrhagic specimen, how do you proceed?

No particular procedure

Wiping of the clot on slides as for a blood film* (if applicable)

*see Spriggs and Boddington, Atlas of serous fluid cytopathology, Kluwer Acad. publishers, 1989, pp. 127-128

Haemolysis:

Haemolysis with ammonium chloride No Yes

Haemolysis with saponine No Yes

Haemolysis with another method No Yes – which one?

Differential centrifugation:

Lymphoprep Ficoll Other medium

Liquid-based cytology:

LBC using haemolytic mediums and filtration (such as Cytyc Thinprep)

LBC and smears together No Yes

Other procedure

Free text

Unstained wet preparations (bright field, or phase-contrast microscopy)

Do you sometimes use unstained preparations? No, never Sometimes

For cholesterol crystals* identification? No Yes

For another purpose? No Yes – Precise

*Are you used to cholesterol crystals appearance on MGG preparations? No Yes

Air-dried direct smears

Are you globally satisfied with your smear technique? No Yes

Do you systematically pour off the supernatant after centrifugation? No Yes

Immediately after centrifugation? Not systematically Yes

Do you keep the tube upside-down when aspirating, as recommended? No Yes

*see Spriggs and Boddington, Atlas of serous fluid cytopathology, Kluwer Acad. publishers, 1989, p. 127

Do you use a micropipette or a glass pipette with a capillary tip?

Do you obtain satisfying smears? No Not always Often Almost always

How many smears do you systematically prepare?

How many of them are reserved for additional techniques?

Is immunocytochemistry performed on smears or on LBC slides?

Never Sometimes Often systematically

Wet-fixed smears

Do you use the same smearing method as for air-dried smears? No Yes

With what fixative? Ethanol Methanol Other

Do you fix immediately (before drying)? No Yes

Staining

Systematically used stains: Haematologic: MGG Giemsa PAS Polychromatic: Papanicolaou

Other:

Do you systematically use MGG or Giemsa + Papanicolaou stains combined? No Yes

Free text

Mounting of slides

Do you systematically mount slides? No Yes

Do you systematically unmount your slides No Yes

If yes, why?

Global appreciation

In your laboratory;

Are you globally satisfied by your techniques? No Yes

Would you consider that you have reached a high quality standard? No Yes

Would you consider that significant improvements have to be done? No Yes

Highest quality domains in your own laboratory: please quote

Controls on receipt

Transmission of medical history and clinical data

Delay before processing

Delay before result

Global processing of fluids before staining

Concentration methods (globally)

Smear technique

Centrifugation and/or cytocentrifugation

Quality of the cell fixation and preservation

Elimination of RBC

Cell blocks

Liquid-based cytology

Stains

Domains which could benefit from improvements;

Controls on receipt

Transmission of medical history and clinical data

Delay before processing

Delay before result

Global processing of fluids before staining

Concentration methods (globally)

Smear technique

Centrifugation and/or cytocentrifugation

Quality of the cell fixation and preservation

Elimination of RBC

Cell blocks

Liquid-based cytology

Stains

Give a subjective, global note to your own preparatory techniques: / 20

Contributors:

The present questionnaire is intended to provide the most exhaustive view as possible of the way the practicing pathologists deal with effusions. Thank you very much for your help.
Your contribution will be acknowledged and you will be contacted at a later date.
The E-sc@n project team