《Explanatory Notes on Isaiah》(John Wesley)
Commentator
John Wesley was a Church of England cleric and Christian theologian. Wesley is largely credited, along with his brother Charles Wesley, as founding the Methodist movement which began when he took to open-air preaching in a similar manner to George Whitefield. In contrast to George Whitefield's Calvinism, Wesley embraced the Arminian doctrines that were dominant in the 18th-century Church of England. Methodism in both forms was a highly successful evangelical movement in the United Kingdom, which encouraged people to experience Jesus Christ personally.
Wesley's writing and preachings provided the seeds for both the modern Methodist movement and the Holiness movement, which encompass numerous denominations across the world. In addition, he refined Arminianism with a strong evangelical emphasis on the Reformed doctrine of justification by faith.
Wesley was a logical thinker and expressed himself clearly, concisely and forcefully in writing. His written sermons are characterised by spiritual earnestness and simplicity. They are doctrinal but not dogmatic. His Notes on the New Testament (1755) are enlightening. Both the Sermons (about 140) and the Notes are doctrinal standards. Wesley was a fluent, powerful and effective preacher. He usually preached spontaneously and briefly, though occasionally at great length.
Isaiah 1
Verse 1
[1] The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.
Vision — Or, the visions; the word being here collectively used: the sense is, this is the book of the visions or prophecies. As prophets were called Seers, 1 Samuel 9:9, so prophecies are called visions, because they were as clearly and certainly represented to the prophets minds, as bodily objects are to mens eyes.
Saw — Foresaw and foretold. But he speaks, after the manner of the prophets, of things to come, as if they were either past or present.
Judah — Principally, but not exclusively. For he prophecies also concerning Egypt and Babylon, and divers other countries; yet with respect to Judah.
The days — ln the time of their reign. Whence it may be gathered, that Isaiah exercised his prophetical office above fifty years altogether.
Verse 2
[2] Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth: for the LORD hath spoken, I have nourished and brought up children, and they have rebelled against me.
Hear — He directs his speech to those senseless creatures, that he might awaken the Israelites, whom he hereby proclaims to be so dull and stupid that they were past hearing, and therefore calls in the whole creation of God to bear witness against them.
The Lord — This is his plea against them, of the equity whereof he is willing that all the creatures should be judges.
Verse 3
[3] The ox knoweth his owner, and the ass his master's crib: but Israel doth not know, my people doth not consider.
Know — Me their owner and master. Knowing is here taken practically, as it is usually in scripture, and includes reverence and obedience.
Verse 4
[4] Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a seed of evildoers, children that are corrupters: they have forsaken the LORD, they have provoked the Holy One of Israel unto anger, they are gone away backward.
A seed — The children of wicked parents, whose guilt they inherit, and whose evil example they follow.
Corrupters — Heb. that corrupt themselves, or others by their counsel and example.
Backward — Instead of proceeding forward and growing in grace.
Verse 5
[5] Why should ye be stricken any more? ye will revolt more and more: the whole head is sick, and the whole heart faint.
Head — The very head and heart of the body politick, from whence the plague is derived to all the other members.
Verse 7
[7] Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire: your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers.
In your presence — Which your eye shall see to torment you, when there is no power in your hands to deliver you.
As — Heb. as the overthrow of strangers, that is, which strangers bring upon a land which is not likely to continue in their hands, and therefore they spare no persons, and spoil and destroy all things, which is not usually done in wars between persons of the same, or of a neighbouring nation.
Verse 8
[8] And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city.
Is left — Is left solitary, all the neighbouring villages and country round about it being laid waste.
Verse 10
[10] Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah.
Of Sodom — So called for their resemblance of them in wickedness.
The law — The message which I am now to deliver to you from God, your great lawgiver.
Verse 11
[11] To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats.
To me — Who am a spirit, and therefore cannot be satisfied with such carnal oblations, but expect to have your hearts and lives, as well as your bodies and sacrifices, presented unto me.
Blood — He mentions the fat and blood, because these were in a peculiar manner reserved for God, to intimate that even the best of their sacrifices were rejected by him.
Verse 12
[12] When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts?
To appear — Upon the three solemn feasts, or upon other occasions.
Who required — The thing I commanded, was not only, nor chiefly, that you should offer external sacrifices, but that you should do it with true repentance, with faith in my promises, and sincere resolutions of devoting yourselves to my service.
Verse 13
[13] Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting.
The solemn meeting — The most solemn day of each of the three feasts, which was the last day.
Verse 15
[15] And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood.
Blood — You are guilty of murder, and oppression.
Verse 16
[16] Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil;
Wash — Cleanse your hearts and hands.
Verse 17
[17] Learn to do well; seek judgment, relieve the oppressed, judge the fatherless, plead for the widow.
Learn — Begin to live soberly, righteously, and godly.
Judgment — Shew your religion to God, by practising justice to men.
Judge — Defend and deliver them.
Verse 19
[19] If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land:
If — If you are fully resolved to obey all my commands.
Shall eat — Together with pardon, you shall receive temporal and worldly blessings.
Verse 21
[21] How is the faithful city become an harlot! it was full of judgment; righteousness lodged in it; but now murderers.
The city — Jerusalem, which in the reign of former kings was faithful to God.
An harlot — Is filled with idolatry.
Murderers — Under that one gross kind, he comprehends all sorts of unrighteous men and practices.
Verse 23
[23] Thy princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves: every one loveth gifts, and followeth after rewards: they judge not the fatherless, neither doth the cause of the widow come unto them.
Rebellious — Against me their sovereign Lord.
Companions of thieves — Partly by giving them connivance and countenance, and partly by practising the same violence, and cruelty, and injustice that thieves used to do.
Gifts — That is, bribes given to pervert justice.
Verse 25
[25] And I will turn my hand upon thee, and purely purge away thy dross, and take away all thy tin:
And purge — I will purge out of thee, those wicked men that are incorrigible, and for those of you that are curable, I will by my word, and by the furnace of affliction, purge out all that corruption that yet remains in you.
Verse 26
[26] And I will restore thy judges as at the first, and thy counsellors as at the beginning: afterward thou shalt be called, The city of righteousness, the faithful city.
Thy counsellors — Thy princes shall hearken to wise and faithful counsellors.
Called faithful — Thou shalt be such.
Verse 27
[27] Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness.
Redeemed — Shall be delivered from all their enemies and calamities.
With — Or, by judgment, that is, by God's righteous judgment, purging out those wicked and incorrigible Jews, and destroying their unmerciful enemies.
Converts — Heb. her returners, those of them who shall come out of captivity into their own land.
Righteousness — Or, by righteousness, either by my faithfulness, in keeping my promise, or by my goodness.
Verse 29
[29] For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which ye have desired, and ye shall be confounded for the gardens that ye have chosen.
The oaks — Which, after the manner of the Heathen, you have consecrated to idolatrous uses.
Gardens — In which, as well is in the groves, they committed idolatry.
Verse 31
[31] And the strong shall be as tow, and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them.
The strong — Your idols, which you think to be strong and able to defend you.
As tow — Shall be as suddenly and easily, consumed by my judgments, as tow is by fire.
The maker — Of the idol, who can neither save himself nor his workmanship.
Isaiah 2
Verse 1
[1] The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.
The word — Or, the matter or thing, as this Hebrew word commonly signifies; the prophecy or vision.
Verse 2
[2] And it shall come to pass in the last days, that the mountain of the LORD's house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations shall flow unto it.
In the last days — In the times of the Messiah. For Christ's institutions were to continue to the end of the world.
The mountain — The temple of the Lord which is upon mount Moriah; which yet is not to be understood literally of that material temple, but mystically of the church of God; as appears from the flowing of all nations to it, which was not to that temple, nor indeed was fulfilled 'till that temple was destroyed.
Exalted — Shall be placed and settled in a most conspicuous and glorious manner, being advanced above all other churches and kingdoms.
Verse 3
[3] And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.
The law — The new law, the doctrine of the gospel, which is frequently called a law, because it hath the nature and power of a law, obliging us no less to the belief and practice of it, than the old law did.
Verse 4
[4] And he shall judge among the nations, and shall rebuke many people: and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.
He — Christ shall set up his authority among all nations, not only giving laws to them, but doing what no other can do, convincing their consciences, changing their hearts, and ordering their lives.
Rebuke — By his word and Spirit, convincing the world of sin; and by his judgments upon his implacable enemies, which obstruct the propagation of the gospel.
Verse 5
[5] O house of Jacob, come ye, and let us walk in the light of the LORD.
The light — Take heed that you do not reject that light which is so clear that even the blind Gentiles will discern it.
Verse 6
[6] Therefore thou hast forsaken thy people the house of Jacob, because they be replenished from the east, and are soothsayers like the Philistines, and they please themselves in the children of strangers.
Therefore — For the following reasons.
Thou — Wilt certainly forsake and reject.
Thy people — The body of that nation.
Because — Their land is full of the idolatrous manners of the eastern nations, the Syrians and Chaldeans.
Philistines — Who were infamous for those practices.
They please — They delight in their company, and conversation, making leagues, and friendships, and marriages with them.
Verse 7
[7] Their land also is full of silver and gold, neither is there any end of their treasures; their land is also full of horses, neither is there any end of their chariots:
Treasures — They have heaped up riches, and still are greedily pursuing after more.
Verse 9
[9] And the mean man boweth down, and the great man humbleth himself: therefore forgive them not.
The great man — Men of all ranks fall down and worship idols.
Verse 10
[10] Enter into the rock, and hide thee in the dust, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty.
Enter — Such calamities are coming upon you, that you will be ready to hide yourselves in rocks and caves of the earth, for fear of the glorious and terrible judgments of God.
Verse 12
[12] For the day of the LORD of hosts shall be upon every one that is proud and lofty, and upon every one that is lifted up; and he shall be brought low:
The day — The time of God's taking vengeance upon sinners.
Verse 13
[13] And upon all the cedars of Lebanon, that are high and lifted up, and upon all the oaks of Bashan,
The cedars — The cedars and oaks on the mountains shall be either thrown down by furious winds or earthquakes, or torn in pieces by thunder and lightning; and the stately houses built with cedars and oaks, shall be destroyed.
Verse 14
[14] And upon all the high mountains, and upon all the hills that are lifted up,
Hills — To which men used to betake themselves in times of danger.
Verse 15
[15] And upon every high tower, and upon every fenced wall,
Wall — To which you trusted for your defence.
Verse 16
[16] And upon all the ships of Tarshish, and upon all pleasant pictures.
Tarshish — The ships of the sea, as that word is used, Psalms 48:7, whereby you fetched riches from the remote parts of the world.
Verse 19
[19] And they shall go into the holes of the rocks, and into the caves of the earth, for fear of the LORD, and for the glory of his majesty, when he ariseth to shake terribly the earth.
They — The idolatrous Israelites.
Verse 20
[20] In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made each one for himself to worship, to the moles and to the bats;
Shall cast — Into the meanest and darkest places, in which moles and bats have their abode.
Verse 22
[22] Cease ye from man, whose breath is in his nostrils: for wherein is he to be accounted of?
Cease ye — Never admire or place your trust in man.
Breath — Whose breath is quickly stopped and taken away.
Wherein — What excellency is in him, considered in himself, and without dependence on God?
Isaiah 3
Verse 2
[2] The mighty man, and the man of war, the judge, and the prophet, and the prudent, and the ancient,
The judge — The civil magistrates.
The ancient — Whose wisdom was increased by long experience.
Verse 5
[5] And the people shall be oppressed, every one by another, and every one by his neighbour: the child shall behave himself proudly against the ancient, and the base against the honourable.
Oppressed — By thy command or permission of such childish rulers.
Verse 6
[6] When a man shall take hold of his brother of the house of his father, saying, Thou hast clothing, be thou our ruler, and let this ruin be under thy hand:
Thou hast — We are utterly undone, and have neither food nor raiment; but thou hast something left to support the dignity which we offer to thee.
Under thine hand — To heal it.
Verse 7
[7] In that day shall he swear, saying, I will not be an healer; for in my house is neither bread nor clothing: make me not a ruler of the people.
An healer — A repairer of the ruins of the state.
Verse 9
[9] The shew of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not. Woe unto their soul! for they have rewarded evil unto themselves.