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Chapter 29 Study Guide
World History AP
Chapter 29 Summary
The nations of South Asia and Southeast Asia have thrown off the vestiges of colonialism and have rapidly built industrialized economies. Democracy has been slower to evolve here. Industrialization has brought vast changes to the society and culture of the regions, but these nations have worked to incorporate traditional values and culture into a modern state. Vast wealth has been created but has not been diffused throughout society, thus creating great disparities within societies. Japan rapidly rebuilt after World War II and achieved its goal of becoming one of the world's economic superpowers. These economic achievements were made in part because Japan has almost no military expenses. The unprecedented growth in the economies of the Pacific rim led to a belief that the prosperity was permanent, however, recent persistent economic slowdowns have undermined optimism. In many Southeast Asian and East Asian nations a re-evaluation of benefits of industrialization is underway.
Chapter 29 Outline
South Asia
End of the British Raj
Independent India
Experiment in Democratic Socialism
Post-Nehru Era
Land of the Pure: Pakistan since Independence
Poverty and Pluralism in South Asia
Politics of Communalism
Economy
Caste, Class, and Gender
South Asian Art and Literature Since Independence
Gandhi's Vision
Southeast Asia
Era of Independent States
Search for Native Political Culture
Recent Trends Toward Democracy
Increasing Prosperity and Financial Crisis
Regional Conflict and Cooperation: The Rise of ASEAN
Daily Life: Town and Country in Contemporary Southeast Asia
Cultural Trends
A Region in Flux
East Asia
Japanese Miracle: The Transformation of Modern Japan
Politics and Government
Economy
Society in Transition
Religion and Culture
Little Tigers
South Korea: A Peninsula Divided
Taiwan: The Other China
Singapore and Hong Kong: The Littlest Tigers
On the Margins of Asia: Postwar Australia and New Zealand
Explaining the East Asian Miracle
Conclusion
Terms and Persons To Know
World History AP: Chapter 29
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1. Muhammed Ali Jinnah
2. Mahatma Gandhi
3. Jawaharlal Nehru
4. Hindus and Muslims
5. India and Pakistan
6. Muslim League
7. Congress Party
8. Bengal and the Punjab
9. Hyberabad and Kashmir
10. industrialization
11. anticolonialism and antiracism
12. Bangladesh
13. Tibet
14. Indira Gandhi
15. Sikhs
16. Rajiv Gandhi
17. Sri Lanka
18. Bharata Janata Party (BJP)
19. West and East Pakistan
20. Urdu and Bengali
21. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
22. Benazir Bhutto
23. Nawaz Sharif
24. Indian constitution
25. landholdings
26. overpopulation
27. Green Revolution
28. Bhopal
29. V. P. Singh
30. R. K. Narayan
31. vision of Mahatma Gandhi
32. end of colonialism
33. Sukarno
34. Guided Democracy
35. Suharto
36. Association for the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
37. underdevelopment
38. ethnic difficulties
39. Myanmar
40. abandonment of democracy
41. Marcos regime
42. Corazon Aquino
43. town and country
44. International Monetary Fund
45. traditional and Western ways
46. Pramoedya Toer
47. status of women
48. konfrontasi
49. Khmer Rouge
50. Pol Pot
51. Imelda Marcos
52. Allied occupation of Japan
53. Douglas MacArthur
54. Emperor Hirohito
55. zaibatsu
56. peace treaty
57. democracy
58. Kurile islands
59. "Japanese miracle"
60. Liberal Democrats and Socialists
61. Ryutaro Hashimoto
62. minorities
63. Pearl Harbor
64. keiretsu
65. Ministry of International Trade and Industry
66. recession
67. work ethic
68. conformity
69. position of women
70. Christianity
71. Buddhism
72. Shintoism
73. Soka Gakkai
74. People's Republic of Korea
75. Kim Il-sung
76. Kim Jong Il
77. Republic of Korea
78. Syngman Rhee
79. Chung Hee Park
80. chaebol
81. Kim Dae Jung
82. Chun Doo Hwan
83. Kwangju
84. Ron Tae Woo
85. Kim Young Sam
86. Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan
87. Republic of China (ROC)
88. security treaty
89. agriculture
90. economy
91. Lee Teng-hui
92. Republic of Taiwan
93. Singapore
94. Hong Kong
95. Lee Kuan-yew
96. People's Action Party
97. Confucian values
98. Goh Chok Tong
99. Great Britain's lease of Hong Kong
100. China and the autonomy of Hong Kong
101. Australia
102. New Zealand
103. British Commonwealth
104. ANZUS alliance
105. ASEAN alliance
World History AP: Chapter 29
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Primary Sources
Indian Primary Sources:
Nehru's Program for India: Nehru's Socialist Creed and Gandhi's Vision for India: A Letter to Jawaharlal Nehru
Ø Why did Nehru favor socialism over capitalism? How did the form of socialism he promoted differ from Soviet socialism?
Ø To what was Nehru probably referring when he said of the Soviet Union, "Much has happened there which has pained me greatly, and with which I disagree...."
Ø How does Nehru express his respect for those who would favor a capitalist independent India?
Ø In 1936, what issue was more important to Nehru than whether India would become capitalist or socialist?
Ø Why was Nehru rather than Gandhi elected as the first prime minister of the Republic of India?
Ø What is the history and significance of Gandhi's debate over whether to write in English or Hindustani? Why do you think he chose Hindustani? How do his dilemma and final choice reflect intellectual and artistic choices that must be made throughout the post-colonial world today?
Ø How does Gandhi use the metaphor of the spinning wheel? The moth? The ocean? Why did he choose concrete ideas such as these, rather than abstractions, to express his ideas?
Say No to McDonald's and KFC! Why India Doesn't Need Fast Food
Ø What economic and health-based arguments does Maneka Gandhi make against American fast-food restaurants establishing themselves in India? Do you agree or disagree with her arguments?
Ø Why does America like fast food so much?
Ø Does each city in America have "an average of 5,000 junk-food restaurants"? Why does the author make this claim in the last paragraph?
A Critique of Western Feminism: Finding Indian Solutions to Women's Problems
Ø What kind of feminism does Madhu Kishwar propose would be more appropriate for Indian women than Western feminism?
Ø Why does she call Western feminism "statist"?
Ø Why does the author focus on her disagreements with Western feminism, rather than focus on what Indian and Western women's liberation movements have in common?
Southeast Asian Primary Sources:
The Golden Throat of President Sukarno: Sukarno on Nationalism, Democracy, and Guided Democracy
Ø What is Sukarno's aim in comparing Indonesia to Poland, Turkey, Australia, Canada, Japan, and the United States?
Ø Given the events of the 1960s, why did Sukarno make special mention of undergraduates in the second speech excerpted here?
East Asian Primary Sources:
The Emperor Is Not Divine: Hirohito, Rescript on Divinity
Ø Why did the emperor avoid directly naming Japan as the aggressor in World War II? What other Japanese writers included in this chapter would disagree? Why? Does the emperor place any responsibility for the war on his country in this rescript?
Ø What three beliefs crucial to Japanese imperialism are denied by Hirohito in the sixth paragraph of this document?
Ø Why do you think this document failed to persuade many Japanese that the emperor was not divine?
Growing Up in Japan: School Regulations, Japanese Style
Ø Does this carefully prescribed environment reflect the business or social environments in Japan today?
Ø Which of these regulations makes the most sense to you? The least? What biases inform your answers?
Ø Is there a relationship between individual expression and freedom in the context of middle schools? Is there a relationship between freedom and crime in American middle schools today? Does Japan have this problem? What hardships do Japanese students face?
Ø Do you think that a regulated environment such as the one described here would be naturally conducive to intellectual conformity? Why or why not?
To Those Living in Glass Houses: Kishore Mahbubani, "Go East, Young Man"
Ø Does Kishore Mahbubani also describe a Southeast Asian country "that can say no"? Why or why not?
Ø Why does the author advise the young American male to "Go East [rather than West], Young Man"? What did Americans achieve by going West? What might they achieve by going East?
Return to the Motherland: The Joint Declaration on Hong Kong
Ø Why has Great Britain returned Hong Kong to China?
Ø What economic and human rights concerns has its transference raised in the West?
World History AP: Chapter 29