HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<810>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006160337
Authors Bargagli A.M. Hickman M. Davoli M. Perucci C.A. Schifano P. Buster M. Brugal T. Vicente J.
Institution
(Bargagli, Davoli, Perucci, Schifano) Department of Epidemiology, ASL Rome E, Rome, Italy.
(Hickman) Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, Social Science and Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
(Buster) Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Municipal Health Service, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
(Brugal) Public Health Agency, Epidemiologic Service, IMS, Barcelona, Spain.
(Vicente) Department of Epidemiology, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal.
(Bargagli) Department of Epidemiology, ASL Rome E, Via di Santa Costanza 53, 00198 Roma, Italy.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Drug-related mortality and its impact on adult mortality in eight European countries.
Source
European Journal of Public Health. 16(2)(pp 198-202), 2006. Date of Publication: Apr 2006.
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the mortality rates from drug-related deaths and other causes among problem drug users and population attributable risk of death due to opiate use in eight study sites in Europe. Methods: Opiate users were recruited from drug treatment centres during the period 1990-1998 and deaths followed up through national or local mortality registries. Gender-specific overall mortality rate, proportion of deaths by cause (drug-related, HIV, other), standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and the attributable risk fraction (ARF) were estimated. Results: Crude mortality rates varied from 1 per 100 person-years in the Dublin and London cohorts to 3.8 per 100 person-years in Barcelona. The highest drug-related mortality rate was 10 per 1000 person-years in Barcelona; the rates were [similar to]7 per 1000 person-years in Denmark, London, Rome, and Vienna, and <3.5 per 1000 person-years for the others cohorts. The mortality rate for AIDS was <2 per 1000 person-years in all the cohorts except Lisbon, Rome, and Barcelona, for which it was [similar to]6 per 1000 person-years. The highest SMR among males was 21.1 in Barcelona, and among females the highest SMRs were 53.7 and 37.7 in Barcelona and Rome, respectively. In Denmark the ARF was 5%, whereas it was >10% in all other study sites and 24% in Barcelona. Conclusion: Cohort mortality studies, especially in combination with estimates of prevalence, provide useful insights into the impact of opiate use on mortality across European countries and emphasize how preventing overall and drug-related deaths among opiate users can significantly improve the health of the population. copyright The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
ISSN 1101-1262
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name European Journal of Public Health
Volume 16
Issue Part 2
Page 198-202
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Apr 2006
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<811>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006159409
Authors Wood E. Lim R. Kerr T.
Institution
(Wood, Kerr) British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St. Paul's Hospital, 608 - 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
(Wood, Kerr) Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 950 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BCV5Z 4E3, Canada.
(Lim) Addiction Centre, University of Calgary, 1403 - 29 Street NW, Calgary, Alta.T2N 2T9, Canada.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Initiation of opiate addiction in a Canadian prison: A case report.
Source
Harm Reduction Journal. 3, 2006. Article Number: 11. Date of Publication: 16 Mar 2006.
Abstract
Background: In North America, the harms of illicit drug use have been responded to primarily through law enforcement interventions. This strategy has resulted in record populations of addicted individuals being incarcerated in both Canada and the United States. The incarceration of non-violent drug offenders has become increasingly controversial as studies demonstrate the harms, including elevated HIV risk behavior, of incarcerating injection drug users. Other harms, such as the initiation of illicit drug use by prison inmates who previously did not use drugs, have been less commonly described. Case Presentation: We report on the case of an individual who initiated non-injection opiate use in a Canadian prison and developed an addiction to the drug. Upon release into the community, the individual continued using opiates and sought treatment at a clinic. The patient feared that he might initiate injection use of opiates if his cravings could not be controlled. The patient was placed on methadone maintenance therapy. Conclusion: While anecdotal reports indicate that initiation in prison of the use of addictive illicit substances is frequent, documentation through clinical experience is rare, and the public health implications of this behavior have not been given sufficient attention in the literature. Strategies of incarcerating non-violent drug offenders and attempting to keep illicit drugs out of prisons have not reduced the harms and costs of illicit drug use. Effective, practical alternatives are urgently needed; expanded community diversion programs for non-violent drug offenders deserve particular attention. copyright 2006 Wood et al; licensee Biomed Central Ltd.
ISSN 1477-7517
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Harm Reduction Journal
Volume 3
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication 16 Mar 2006
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<834>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006131202
Authors Ferrari A. Cicero A.F.G. Bertolini A. Leone S. Pasciullo G. Sternieri E.
Institution
(Ferrari, Cicero, Bertolini, Leone, Pasciullo, Sternieri) Headache Centre, Division of Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
(Ferrari) Division of Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico, Largo del pozzo, 71, 41100 Modena, Italy.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Need for analgesics/drugs of abuse: A comparison between headache patients and addicts by the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ).
Source
Cephalalgia. 26(2)(pp 187-193), 2006. Date of Publication: Feb 2006.
Abstract
Our aim was to compare the need for analgesics/drugs of abuse between headache patients - chronic and episodic headache sufferers - and addicts, by the Leeds Dependence Questionnaire (LDQ). This is a self-completion 10-item instrument to measure dependence upon a variety of substances. We administered the LDQ questionnaire to 122 chronic daily headache (CDH) sufferers who had been taking one dose of analgesic drug every day for at least 1 year; 71 subjects suffering from episodic headache (EH) using analgesics only occasionally; 115 consecutive drug addicts (DA) with a diagnosis of substance dependence. The mean LDQ total score was similar in the CDH (11.58 +/- 6.35) and DA (10.37 +/- 6.51) groups, and for both it was significantly higher than the score in the EH (5.61 +/- 3.00) group (P < 0.001). The CDH group had the highest scores, and higher scores than the DA group (Z = -8.18, P < 0.001) in item 8, assessing the primacy of effect over the kind of analgesic used, and in item 10 (Z = -5.03, P < 0.001), asking if it is difficult to live without the analgesic; the DA group had the highest scores, and higher scores than the CDH group, in item 9 (Z = -5.07, P < 0.001) addressing the need for the continued administration of the drug to maintain well-being, and in item 3 (Z =-2.39, P < 0.05), exploring compulsion to start the use of the drug. The EH group had lower scores in all items (P < 0.05) except for item 9, where there was no difference from CDH group; the EH group had also lower scores (P < 0.001) than the DA group, except for item 8, where, instead, the score was higher than in the DA group (Z = -5.33, P < 0.001). A strong link develops between chronic headache patients and the analgesics they use. This sort of 'dependence' appears to be a consequence of headache, originating from the necessity for the analgesic to cope with everyday life. copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2005.
ISSN 0333-1024
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Cephalalgia
Volume 26
Issue Part 2
Page 187-193
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Feb 2006
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<838>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006128562
AuthorsLongo-DisseS.C.
Institution
(Longo-Disse) Samadhi Research Institute, P.O. Box 721, Lemon Grove, CA91946, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Sexaholism: A perspective.
Source
Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity. 13(1)(pp 69-94), 2006. Date of Publication: Jan 2006.
Abstract
Sexaholism, as defined in this paper, is viewed from the perspective of a case study, portrayed as a paradigm. The case study explores the development of sexuality and addiction from childhood and school years, including mystical episodes; experiences in religious communities and the sex industry and finally insights gained largely from working with such groups as Sexaholics Anonymous. This paper briefly examines historical evidence that lays the groundwork of how evolution has contributed to an "atmosphere of addiction;" how sex plays an integral part in the drive of evolution as well as the human's spiritual quest for divine connection; and how sexaholism may be a crucial factor in an emerging epidemic, seriously affecting the public's health. Finally, several pedagogical suggestions, pertinent to the clinical community, are offered which address some of the concerns raised. Copyright copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ISSN 1072-0162
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity
Volume 13
Issue Part 1
Page 69-94
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jan 2006
HEALTH AND SOCIAL (SEX) 2006<839>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006128561
Authors Daneback K. Ross M.W. Mansson S.-A.
Institution
(Daneback) GoteborgUniversity, Department of Social Wok, P.O. Box 720, 405 30 Goteborg, Sweden.
(Ross) University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States.
(Mansson) MalmoUniversity, Malmo, Sweden.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Characteristics and behaviors of sexual compulsives who use the Internet for sexual purposes.
Source
Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity. 13(1)(pp 53-67), 2006. Date of Publication: Jan 2006.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of those who engage in online sexual activities and who are sexually compulsive according to the Kalichman sexual compulsivity scale. It also aimed to investigate if online sexual activities had changed the sexually compulsive respondents' offline sexual behaviors, such as reading adult magazines, viewing adult movies, and/or having casual sex partners. Data were collected in 2002 through an online questionnaire in Swedish, which was administered via the Swedish portal Passagen.se. Approximately 6% of the 1458 respondents who answered the 10-item sexual compulsivity scale were defined as sexually compulsive. A multivariate regression analysis showed sexually compulsives more likely to be men, to live in a relationship, to be bisexual, and to have had an STI. The time spent online for sexual purposes was found to be a measure of the kind of sexual activity rather than a measure of online sexual compulsivity. A bivariate analysis of nominal data showed that engagement in online sexual activities made respondents quit, decrease, maintain or increase their offline sexual behaviors. Sexual compulsive respondents were found to increase their offline pornography consumption to a greater extent than did non-sexually compulsives. Copyright copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ISSN 1072-0162
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity
Volume 13
Issue Part 1
Page 53-67
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jan 2006
HEALTH AND SOCIAL (SEX) 2006<840>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006128560
Authors Philaretou A.G.
Institution
(Philaretou) CyprusCollege, Nicosia, Cyprus.
(Philaretou) Department of Psychology, The School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 6 Diogenes Str. Engomi, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Female exotic dancers: Intrapersonal and interpersonal perspectives.
Source
Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity. 13(1)(pp 41-52), 2006. Date of Publication: Jan 2006.
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to explore and understand the various intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics associated with the lives of female exotic dancers from an essentialist, social constructionist, and critical perspective. This study uses informal interviews and an autoethnographic field study approach as its primary methodological modes. The act of unearthing the intrapersonal experiences and motivations of female exotic dancers helps deconstruct their limiting and oppressive gender and sexual narratives, thereby exposing the negative influence on their self-concept, -esteem, and -efficacy. Throughout the process of collecting and analyzing data, a variety of recurrent interpersonal themes also emerged, such as: (a) the extent of anticipatory socialization experiences acquired by the dancers prior to their entering the profession, (b) their on-the-job socialization, (c) the typology of exotic dancers (career vs. transient) and reasons for entering the profession, (d) the management of their stigmatized identities through various neutralization and normalization techniques, (e) the various processes associated with becoming a good performer, and (f) the negative impact of their dancing careers on their relationships with their significant others. Copyright copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
ISSN 1072-0162
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity
Volume 13
Issue Part 1
Page 41-52
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jan 2006
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<869>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006114891
Authors Fazel S. Bains P. Doll H.
Institution
(Fazel) Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
(Bains) Oxleas NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
(Doll) Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
(Fazel) Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, WarnefordHospital, OxfordOX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Substance abuse and dependence in prisoners: A systematic review.
Source
Addiction. 101(2)(pp 181-191), 2006. Date of Publication: Feb 2006.
Abstract
Aims: To review studies of the prevalence of substance abuse and dependence in prisoners on reception into custody. Design and method: A systematic review of studies measuring the prevalence of drug and alcohol abuse and dependence in male and female prisoners on reception into prison was conducted. Only studies using standardized diagnostic criteria were included. Relevant information, such as mean age, gender and type of prisoner, was recorded for eligible studies. The prevalence estimates were compared with those from large cross-sectional studies of prevalence in prison populations. Findings: Thirteen studies with a total of 7563 prisoners met the review criteria. There was substantial heterogeneity among the studies. The estimates of prevalence for alcohol abuse and dependence in male prisoners ranged from 18 to 30% and 10 to 24% in female prisoners. The prevalence estimates of drug abuse and dependence varied from 10 to 48% in male prisoners and 30 to 60% in female prisoners. Conclusions: The prevalence of substance abuse and dependence, although highly variable, is typically many orders of magnitude higher in prisoners than the general population, particularly for women with drug problems. This highlights the need for screening for substance abuse and dependence at reception into prison, effective treatment while in custody, and follow-up on release. Specialist addiction services for prisoners have the potential to make a considerable impact. copyright 2006 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 101
Issue Part 2
Page 181-191
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Feb 2006
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2010<888>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006110483
Authors Haggard-Grann U. Hallqvist J. Langstrom N. Moller J.
Institution
(Haggard-Grann, Langstrom) Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Violence Prevention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
(Hallqvist, Moller) Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
(Haggard-Grann) Centre for Violence Prevention, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 23000, SE-104 35 Stockholm, Sweden.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The role of alcohol and drugs in triggering criminal violence: A case-crossover study.
Source
Addiction. 101(1)(pp 100-108), 2006. Date of Publication: Jan 2006.
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the triggering effects of alcohol, illegal substances and major classes of prescribed psychotropic drugs on criminal violence. Design: A case-crossover design, using each subject as its own control. Setting and participants: A consecutive sample of 133 violent offenders was recruited from a forensic psychiatric evaluation unit and a national prison evaluation unit in Sweden during 2002-03. Measurements: Offenders were assessed with structured interviews. Risk estimates were based on hazard periods of 24 hours. We used standard Mantel-Haenszel methods for statistical analyses. Findings: A 13.2-fold increase of risk of violence [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.2-21.2] was found within 24 hours of alcohol consumption. This increase in violence risk was similar among individuals combining alcohol with benzodiazepines [Relative risk (RR) = 13.2, 95% CI: 4.9-35.3]. Use of benzodiazepines alone in regular doses (RR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.5) or antidepressants [selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tricyclics] (RR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3-0.8) was associated with a lowered risk for violence. Conclusions: This study confirmed that alcohol is a strong trigger of criminal violence. Benzodiazepines in combination with alcohol caused no further increase of violence risk. Benzodiazepines in regular doses and antidepressants may inhibit violence, but further studies are needed to verify causality. The case-crossover method can contribute to research on the proximal causes of criminal violence. copyright 2006 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 101
Issue Part 1
Page 100-108
Year of Publication 2006
Date of Publication Jan 2006
HEALTH AND SOCIAL 2006<937>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2006060120
Authors Fang Y.-X. Wang Y.-B. Shi J. Liu Z.-M. Lu L.
Institution
(Fang) Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
(Wang, Shi, Liu, Lu) National Institute on Drug Dependence, PekingUniversity, Beijing 100083, China.
(Lu) Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Recent trends in drug abuse in China.
Source
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 27(2)(pp 140-144), 2006. Date of Publication: Feb 2006.