1. Which of the following is true regarding differences in gamete formation between males and females?
  2. Male gamete formation begins as a fetus, while female gamete formation begins as an adolescent.
  3. Males produce four haploid gametes from division of a spermatogonium, while females produce only one gamete from division of aoogonium.
  4. Males can undergo spermatogenesis or oogenesis, while females can only undergo oogenesis.
  5. Males only produce one polar body, while females produce three.
  1. In spermatogenesis, ______undergoes ______to produce ______.
  2. 1 Primary Spermatocyte; Meiosis I; 2 Secondary Spermatocytes.
  3. 1 Secondary Spermatocyte; Meiosis II; 2 Spermatogonium
  4. 2 Spermatogonium; Meiosis I; 4 Spermatids
  5. 1 Spermatogonium; Meiosis II; 2 Primary Spermatocytes
  1. What does the corpus luteum develop from?
  2. Follicle
  3. Ovum
  4. Egg
  5. Ovary
  6. The anterior pituitary gland is stimulated by ______to make ______.
  7. FSH; LH
  8. LH; GnRH and FSH
  9. Estrogen; Progesterone
  10. GnRH; FSH and LH
  11. What hormone peaks during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?
  12. FSH and LH
  13. Progesterone
  14. Estrogen
  15. GnRH
  16. If air is 25% oxygen, and the total pressure is 800 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of oxygen?
  17. .25 mmHgb. 800 mmHgc. 200 mmHgd. 600 mmHg
  1. Which of the following is false regarding the lungs?
  2. The lung’s surfaces are very dry in order to increase gas exchange.
  3. Alveoli serve to increase the surface area to increase gas exchange.
  4. There is great blood flow to the lungs to increase gas exchange.
  5. Each lung is encased by a pleural sac.
  6. Which of the following best describes how inhalation occurs?
  7. The diaphragm elevates, which increase pressure in the lungs, and air floods in.
  8. The diaphragm lowers, which decreases pressure in the lungs, and air floods in.
  9. The diaphragm elevates, which increases volume in the lungs, and air floods in.
  10. The diaphragm lowers, which decreases volume in the lungs, and air floods in.
  1. Which of the following is true regarding oxygen transport?
  2. Not enough gas can dissolve in blood on its own to support our metabolic needs, so our body utilizes myoglobin to transport a high level of oxygen.
  3. Oxygen dissolves well in blood and this level of oxygen is enough to support our normal metabolic needs.
  4. Hemoglobin can covalently bind 4 oxygen molecules to transport to the body.
  5. Hemoglobin is made up of 4 iron containing subunits.
  1. Which of the following is a relationship between CO2, H+, and oxygen levels in blood?
  2. When muscles release more CO2, blood pH rises.
  3. As pH decreases, hemoglobin releases more oxygen.
  4. Increased CO2 production by muscles causes hemoglobin to pick up more oxygen.
  5. Oxygen dissolves in water to form carbonic acid.
  1. Which of the following is false regarding the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve?
  2. The sigmoidal curve is a result of cooperative binding.
  3. Cooperative binding means that it is easier to bind the first oxygen than a second.
  4. Hemoglobin is very sensitive to slight changes in the partial pressure of oxygen in the range associated with body tissues.
  5. More oxygen binds to hemoglobin when the partial pressure of oxygen is high.
  1. Which of the following component of blood is incorrectly matched to its function?
  2. Platelets – formation of blood clots
  3. Hormones – transportation of carbon dioxide
  4. Red blood cells – transportation of oxygen
  5. White blood cells – maintenance of body’s immune system
  1. If a plant cell is in a hypotonic solution, what will happen?
  2. Water will rush out of the cell, and the cell will become plasmolyzed.
  3. Water will rush into the cell, and the cell will become turgid.
  4. Water will move into and out of the cell at equal rates (equilibrium).
  5. The cell wall will block the movement of water into or out of the cell.
  1. Because the concentration of minerals is higher in roots than in the soil…
  2. Plants require active transport to uptake minerals or water.
  3. Water flows into roots via osmosis, but minerals cannot enter the roots.
  4. Minerals require active transport to enter roots, but water enters via osmosis.
  5. As water flows into the roots, minerals flow out of the roots into the soil.
  1. Xylem is chiefly responsible for what?
  2. Transport of water and minerals.
  3. Production of sugars.
  4. Transport of sugars.
  5. Intake of carbon dioxide from the air.
  1. Which of the following is false regarding xylem?
  2. When mature, the cells are dead.
  3. Contains both tracheid cells and vessel elements.
  4. Xylem generally transports up a plant (ie. from root to shoot)
  5. All of the above are true regarding xylem.
  1. Which of the following is correct regarding stomata?
  2. Guard cells deflate to open the stomata.
  3. Light signals the opening of stomata.
  4. Stomata open and close in order to not uptake too much CO2.
  5. Stomata open and close in order to not release too much oxygen.
  1. Which of the following best describes the cohesion-tension theory?
  2. Although water would tend to evaporate out of the leaves, because of the high level of cohesion, water is actually unable to evaporate at most times.
  3. As water evaporates from the lower leaves, the upper leaves regain this water preventing a majority of water loss.
  4. Plants use active transport to move water up the plant through the xylem to replace the water that evaporates from leaves.
  5. Although water evaporates from leaves, because of water’s high level of cohesion, this pulls water up the plant from the roots to replace the water lost.
  1. Which of the following is not a component of phloem?
  2. Sieve-tube elements
  3. Companion cells
  4. Sieve plates
  5. Vessel elements
  1. Which of the following is false regarding phloem sap translocation?
  2. Transport goes from the source to the sink.
  3. It is driven by differences in H2O pressure and osmosis.
  4. The movement of sugars requires the usage of ATP.
  5. Long distance transport takes place in sieve-tube elements.
  1. A certain stem cell is only able to form different types of blood cells. What type of stem cell is this?
  2. Totipotent
  3. Pluripotent
  4. Multipotent
  5. Unipotent
  1. What causes cells to be different from each other?
  2. Each cell possesses a unique copy of DNA.
  3. Although each cell starts with the same copy of DNA, the cell discards the portions it does not use.
  4. Each cell contains the whole genome, but only expresses certain genes.
  5. It is currently unknown how cells differentiate.
  1. Regarding the bicoid protein, which of the following is correct?
  2. An oocyte with a high concentration at both ends will fail to develop a head.
  3. An oocyte with a low concentration at both ends will develop two heads.
  4. Typically, an oocyte has a concentration that is even throughout.
  5. Typically, one side (the head region) will have a high concentration, while the other side (posterior region) will have a low concentration.
  1. A Drosophilia with an antenna growing out of its abdomen segments most likely has a mutation in its ______genes.
  2. Pair-rule
  3. Segment-identity
  4. Gap
  5. Morphogen