Unit 3: Cellular Structure
Cellular membranes and Osmosis
Required Reading
●Holtzclaw: 44(6.2), 52(7.3), 207, 208(36.2)
●Holtzclaw: 50-51 (7.1-7.2)
Resources
●Bozeman Science - Cell Membranes
●Knuffke Prezi - Structure & Support
●Bozeman Science - Water Potential
Membrane Transport
Required Reading
●Holtzclaw: 52-54 (7.3-7.5)
Resources
●Bozeman Science - Transport across cell membranes
●Crash Course Biology - Membranes & Transport
●Knuffke Prezi - Transport
Eukaryotic Cells
Required Reading
●Holtzclaw: 43-50 (6.2-7.1)
Resources
●Bozeman Science - Compartmentalization
●Bozeman Science - A Tour of the Cell
●Bozeman Science - Cellular Organelles
●Crash Course - Eukaryopolis: The City of Animal Cells
●Crash Course - Plant Cells
●Knuffke Prezi - Cytology & Endomembrane System
Questions
- Why do larger cells have a smaller surface area-to-volume ration?
- Name two structures that increase surface area of a cell
- Why does the inner environment of a cell need to be separated from the outside environment?
- Describe each of the following and give an example: passive transport, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
- What is exo- and endocytosis? What kinds of molecules are transported this way?
- Diagram an individual phospholipid and a bilayer of phospholipids. Label the hydrophilic head, and hydrophobic tails in both.
- Explain the Fluid Mosaic model of the cell membrane and describe the functions of the proteins that are embedded in the membrane
- Diagram the cell membrane. Label the following parts: lipid bilayer, proteins, cholesterol, glycoproteins. Explain the function of each part of the cell membrane in contributing to the functioning of the cell.
- How is active transport possible, since it contradicts the tendencies of the second law of thermodynamics?
- Diagram one complete cycle of the Sodium-Potassium pump. Is this active or passive transport?
- How are large molecules taken into - or removed from - the cell?
- Draw and label a typical prokaryotic cell. Briefly describe the function of each part.
- In eukaryotic cells, chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, and mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration. How are bacteria able to carry out photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration without these organelles?
- How do organelles allow for increased complexity in cells?
- Draw and label a typical eukaryotic cell. Briefly state the structure and function of the following organelles:
○Nucleus
○Ribosomes (free and bound)
○Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
○Golgi Apparatus
○Vesicles
- Explain how each of the organelles above functions in the endomembrane system.
Things you should understand
●The difference and similarities between osmosis and diffusion across a membrane
●The structure and functions of the three major components of the cytoskeleton (microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments).
●Why some substances are able to pass through membrane and others cannot.
●The structure and function of the cell wall in plants, prokaryotes, and fungi.
●The similarities and differences between simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport.
●Where cells get the energy to power active transport.
Be able to
2.6Use calculated surface area-to-volume ratios to predict which cell(s) might eliminate wastes or procure nutrients faster by diffusion.
2.7Explain how cell size and shape affect the overall rate of nutrient intake and the rate of waste elimination.
2.10Use representations and models to pose scientific questions about the properties of cell membranes and selective permeability based on molecular structure.
2.11Construct models that connect the movement of molecules across membranes with membrane structure and function.
2.12Use representations and mathematical models to determine whether dynamic homeostasis is maintained by the active movement of molecules across membranes.
2.13Explain how internal membranes and organelles contribute to cell functions.
2.14Describe differences in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.