Name Date Class
Introducing Earth
Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.
______1. The energy that drives Earth’s system has two main sources. There are:
a. Heat from Sun and Moon c. Heat from Sun and Core
b. Heat from Sun and Weather d. Heat from Core and Biosphere
______2. Holes drilled several kilometers into Earth’s crust provide direct evidence about Earth’s interior in the form of
a. seismic waves. c. liquid iron.
b. rock samples. d. volcanic eruption.
______3. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?
a. crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
b. mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
c. crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
d. outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
______4. The transfer of energy through rays is called
a. conduction. c. radiation.
b. convection. d. subduction.
______5. Using data from seismic waves, geologists have learned that Earth’s
interior is made up of several
a. continents. c. ridges.
b. layers. d. trenches.
______6. Which of Earth’s layers is the thickest?
a. the crust c. the outer core
b. the mantle d. the inner core
______7. Which part of Earth contains most of its mass?
a. the biosphere c. the atmosphere
b. the hydrosphere d. the geosphere
______8. Earth’s inner core is
a. a dense ball of solid metal.
b. a layer of molten metal.
c. a layer of hot rock.
d. a layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin.
Introducing Earth (continued)
______9. Particles of hot soup rise slowly in a pot simmering on a stove. As the hot soup nears the surface, it begins to cool. The cooler soup sinks, forming a constant movement of soup that moves energy toward the surface of the pot. This constant movement of the soup in the pot is called a(n)
a. magnetic field. c. convection current.
b. energy system. d. conduction loop.
______10. Which part of Earth contains plates?
a. hydrosphere c. core
b. atmosphere d. lithosphere
Completion
Fill in the line to complete each statement.
12. In the mantle, heat is transferred as soft rock flows slowly in cycles known as ______.
13. When you touch a hot plate, the transfer of heat from the plate to your hand is called ______.
14. Geologists learn about Earth’s interior by studying ______, which move through Earth.
15. Scientists think that the ______, made of liquid iron and nickel, moves to produce Earth’s magnetic field.
True or False
If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.
______16. The upper layer of Earth is broken into more than a dozen continents that move very slowly in various directions.
______17. Mantle material rises in convection currents because heated materials
become more dense.
______18. Earth’s weather is the thin envelope of gases that surrounds Earth.
______19. To study Earth’s interior; geologists often rely on indirect methods, such as evidence from fossils.
______20. The outermost layer of Earth is called the mantle.
Introducing Earth (continued)
Using Science Skills
Use the figure below to answer the following questions in the spaces provided.
21. Based on the diagram, describe one of the major differences between oceanic crust and continental crust.
22. Which layer of Earth is made up partly of crust and partly of mantle material?
23. The asthenosphere is part of which layer of Earth?
24. Pressure increases with depth toward the center of Earth. In which layer would you expect pressure to be the greatest?
Introducing Earth (continued)
Essay
Write an answer for each of the following questions in the spaces provided.
25. Describe one example of how the geosphere and hydrosphere interact.
26. Explain the difference between radiation, conduction, and convection.
27. Explain how heat is transferred inside Earth through convection currents.
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Chapter Tests
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