COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
STUDENT HANDBOOK
UNDERGRADUATE YEAR III
BSc (Hons) Psychology
BSc (Hons) Combined Studies
BSc (Hons) Psychology and Speech Pathology
Unit Code Number: 26051030
2011- 2012
Mondays 10.00-12.00, Room OB109
Unit Leader:
Ian Parker
Teaching team:
Erica Burman
Rebecca Lawthom
Ian Parker
Sophie Smailes
Julia Robinson
The unit critically explores the three main theoretical approaches to counselling, psychodynamic, humanist and cognitive. The application and utility of approaches is considered via discussion around methods of evaluating counselling practice, professional and practice issues including ethics and the socio-political context within which practice takes place.
The learning outcomes for this unit are: To have a critical understanding of the major theoretical frameworks of counselling and psychotherapy; to understand counselling within its socio-political context; and to be able to provide a reflective and critical analysis of counselling/psychotherapy practice in a chosen setting.
DETAILED SESSION OUTLINES AND READING LIST
AUTUMN TERM
September 26 Landscape of current practice
Ian Parker
This introduction to the course reviews connections and differences between models of counselling and psychotherapy, and links between theoretical differences between models, professional identities of practitioners and institutions charged with registering therapists, and critical reflection on the practice of counselling and psychotherapy.
References
Bates, Y. (ed.) (2006) Shouldn’t I Be Feeling Better By Now? Client Views of Therapy. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Britzman, D. (2011) Freud and Education. London: Routledge.
House, R. and Totton, N. (eds) (1997) Implausible Professions: Arguments for Pluralism and Autonomy in Psychotherapy and Counselling. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS.
Parker, I. and Revelli, S. (eds) (2008) Psychoanalytic Practice and State Regulation. London: Karnac.
Proctor, G., Cooper, M., Sanders, P. and Malcolm, B. (eds) (2006) Politicizing the Person Centred Approach: An Agenda for Social Change. Ross-on-Wye: PCCS Books.
Woolfe, R., Strawbridge, S., Douglas, B. and Dryden, W. (eds) (2009) Handbook of Counselling Psychology (3rd Edn). London: Sage.
European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling [library journal resource]
October 3 Psychoanalytic clinical concepts
Ian Parker
Reviews psychoanalytic theory in the work of Freud, and the elaboration of key tenets of psychoanalytic work (including tranference, interpretation and working-through) in the fields of counselling, psychotherapy and psychoanalytic practice. The development of different strands within British psychoanalytic theory, including Kleinian, object relations and contemporary Freudian orientation, and consequences for psychotherapy and counselling practice.
References
Barker, M., Vossler, A.andLangdridge, D.(eds) (2010)Understanding Counselling and Psychotherapy. London: Sage.
Bettelheim, B. (1985) Freud and Man’s Soul. London: Fontana
Jacob’s M. (1999) Psychodynamic Counselling in Action. London: Sage
Symington, N. (1986) The Analytic Experience: Lectures from the Tavistock. London: Free Association Books.
Bott Spillus, e. (ed) (1988) Melanie Klein Today: Developments in theory and practice: Volume2: Mainly Practice. London: Routledge.
Burgoyne, B and Sullivan, M. (eds) (1997) The Klein-Lacan Dialogues. London: Rebus Press.
Kohon, G (1986) The British School of Analysis: The Independent Tradition.London: Free Association Books.
Sandler, J., Holder, E and Dare, C (1973) The patient and the Analyst: The Basis of the Psychoanalytic Process. New York: International Universities Press.
Psychodynamic Practice [library journal resource]
October 10 Group Analysis
Erica Burman
This session introduces group analysis as an approach to working with groups that draws on psychoanalysis, social psychology and systems theory. We consider the emergence of group analysis, its key concepts, technical innovations, philosophical orientation, its current debates and relationships with other (group and individual) therapies.
References
Barnes, B., Ernst, S. and Hyde, K. (1999) An Introduction to Group-Work: A Group-Analytic Perspective. London: Macmillan.
Behr, H. and Hearst, L. (2005) Group-Analytic Psychotherapy: a meeting of minds. London: Whurr.
Burman, E. and Frosh, S. (eds.) (2005) ‘Group Analysis and Contemporary Social Theory’, special issue of Group Analysis, 37, 3 (whole issue)
Dalal, F. (1998) Taking the Group Seriously: Towards a Post-Foulkesian Group Analytic Theory. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Foulkes, S.H. (1964) Therapeutic Group Analysis (London; Allen and Unwin, reprinted by Karnac in 1984)
Foulkes, S.H. (1975) Group Analytic Psychotherapy: Methods and Principles. London: Maresfield.
Foulkes, S.H. (1990) Selected Papers: Psychoanalysis and Group Analysis. London: Karnac.
Foulkes, S.H. and Anthony, E. (1957) Group Psychotherapy: The Psychoanalytic Approach. Harmondsworth: Pelican.
Kennard, D., Roberts, J. and Winter, D. (1993) A Work Book of Group-Analytic Interventions. London; Routledge.
Hopper, E. (2003) The social unconscious: selected papers. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley
Nitsun, M. (2006) The Group as an Object of Desire. London; Routledge.
Nitzgen, D. (2008a) ‘Development by adaptation: notes on “applied” group analysis’, Group Analysis, 41, (3), pp.240-251.
Nitzgen, D. (2008b) ‘32nd S H Foulkes Annual Lecture: The Group Analytic Movement Sixty Years On: Revisiting Introduction to Group Analytic Psychotherapy by S H Foulkes’, Group Analysis, 41, (4), pp. 325-347.
Nitzgen, D. (1999) ‘From demand to desire: what do we offer when we offer group analytic training?’, Group Analysis, 32, (2), pp.227-239.
Schneider, S. and Weinberg, H. (eds.) (2003) The Large Group Revisited: the herd, the primal horde, crowds and masses. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Spandler, H. (2005) From Asylum to Action: Paddington Day Hospital and Beyond. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Stacey, R. (2003) Complexity and Group Processes: a radically social understanding of individuals. London: Brunner-Routledge.
Group Analysis [library journal resource]
October 17 Humanism and Person-Centred Psychotherapy
Rebecca Lawthom
In this session we will explore the roots of the person centred approach to counselling. Tracing back to the Humanist theorists, we explore what model of the self is articulated in this account. The underlying assumptions and ways of working within this model will be explored and critiqued.
References
McMillan M (2004) The Person Centred Approach to Thrapuetic Change. London: Sage.
Mearns, D. and Cooper M (2005) Working at Relational Depth in Counselling and Psychotherapy. London: Sage.
Mearns, D. and Thorne, B. (2000) Person Centred Therapy Today. London: Sage.
Merry, T. (1999) Learning and Being in Person Centred Counselling. Ross on Wye: PCCS Books.
Thorne,B. and Lambers, E (1998) Person Centred Therapy. London: Sage.
British Journal of Guidance and Counselling
October 24 Intercultural issues in therapy
Erica Burman
This session introduces approaches to counselling and therapy that take culture and structures of racialisation as central features that need to be understood and worked with in therapeutic encounters. We consider and evaluate a range of available approaches to thinking about culture and ‘difference’ in therapy, ranging from addressing culture and language-specific issues to interpretations of intercultural negotiations as structuring relationships, not just those across acknowledged structural axes of difference.
Burman, E. (2003) ‘From difference to intersectionality: challenges and resources’, European Journal of Psychotherapy, Counselling and Health, 6, 2, pp. 1-16.
Cooper, A. (1997) ‘Thinking the unthinkable: “white liberal” defences against understanding in anti-racist training’, Journal of Social Work Practice, 11, (2), pp. 127-138.
Dalal, F. (2001) Race, colour and the processes of racialisation: new perspectives from psychoanalysis, group analysis and sociology, London: Routledge.
Fernando. S. (2002) Mental Health, Race and Culture (2nd Edn). London: Palgrave.
Gowrisunkur, J., Burman, E. and Walker, K. (2002) ‘Working in the Mother-tongue: first language provision and cultural matching in inter-cultural therapy’, British Journal of Psychotherapy, 19, (1), pp.45-58.
Kakar, S. (2006) ‘Culture and psychoanalysis: a personal journey’, Social Analysis, 50, (2), pp.25-45 (also available on www.sudhir.kakar.com )
Kareem, J. and Littlewood, R. (eds.) (1992) Intercultural Therapy: themes, interpretation, practice. Oxford: Blackwell.
Littlewood, R. and Lipsedge, M. (2003) Aliens and Alienists. London: Routledge.
McKenzie-Mavinga, I. (2009) Black Issues in the Therapeutic Process. London: Palgrave.
Wheeler, S. (Ed.) (2006) Difference and diversity in counselling: contemporary psychodynamic perspectives. London: Palgrave.
Psychodynamic Practice; Journal of Social Work Practice
October 31 Assignment week
During this week you should discover and list counselling and psychotherapy provision available in Manchester. Include where the service is based, what its particular focus is and how you found out about it. This will help you appreciate the context for the service you choose to evaluate and should be attached to your acw before submission.
November 7 Evaluation (assessed course work session)
Ian Parker
We will consider both practical and academic aspects of successful completion of the acw. Exploration of ways in which we might evaluate counselling in practice including issues in the client – counsellor relationship, service/professional issues as well as socio-political issues.
References
Bond, T. (2002) Standards and Ethics for Counselling in Action. London: Sage.
Carroll, M. (1996) Counselling Supervision: Theory, Skills and Practice. London: Cassell
Furedi, F. (2004) Therapy Culture. London:Routledge.
Feltham, C. (ed) (1999) Controversies in Psychotherapy and Counselling. London: Sage
Johnstone, L. (2002) Users and Abusers of Psychiatry. London: Routledge
Lago, C. and Smith, B. (eds) (2002) Anti-discriminatory Counselling Practice. London: Sage.
Masson, J. (1989) Against Therapy. London: Collins.
Pilgrim, D. (1997) Psychotherapy and Society. London: Cassell.
Smail, D. (1996) How to Survive without Psychotherapy. London: Constable.
Smail, D. (2005) Power, Interest and Psychology. London: Constable
November 14 Narrative approaches
Rebecca Lawthom
General overview of more recent narrative or storytelling approaches, focusing on the ‘stories’ people tell of their experiences and how more satisfying stories might be constructed. Key concepts include externalising the problem, emphasising the context and interpersonal processes, communication and interdependency
References
Gergen, K. and McNamee, G. (1992) Therapy as Social Construction. London: Sage.
McLeod, J. (1997) Narrative and Psychotherapy. London: Sage.
Parker, I. (1999) Deconstructing Psychotherapy. London: Sage
White, M. and Epston, D. (1990) Narrative means to Therapeutic Ends. London: Sage
November 21 Contemporary Person-centred Therapy
Julia Robinson
A critical look at the position of women in counselling. Some reasons why women are much more likely than men to use counselling and mental health services including some possible ways to bring about change in the wider context.
References
Johnstone, L. (2002) Users and Abusers of Psychiatry. London. Routledge.
Perry, J. (1993) Counselling for Women. Buckingham: Open University Press
Seu, I.B. and Heenan, M.C. (1998)Feminism and Psychotherapy. London: Sage
Ussher, J. (1998) Women’s Madness: Misogyny or Mental Illness. Hertfordshire. Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Walker, M. (1990) Women in Therapy and Counselling. Buckingham. Open University Press.
Ussher, J. (ed) (2000) Women’s Health. Leicester: BPS
November 28 Existential-phenomenological Counselling
Julia Robinson
In this session we will look at some of the feminist objections to psychoanalytic theory, and arguments from within feminism that have tried to make psychoanalytic ideas useful for women.
References
Ernst, S. and Maguire, M. (eds) (1987) Living with the Sphinx: Papers from the Women’s Therapy Centre. London: Virago.
Mitchell, J. (1984) Psychoanalysis and Feminism. Harmondsworth Penguin.
Orbach, S. (2000) The Impossibility of Sex. Harmondsworth: Penguin
December 5 Cognitive Behavoural approaches
Sophie Smailes
In this session we will explore some of the central tenets to CBT, including its practice and theoretical underpinnings. Critiquing CBT research and evidence based practice will form part of the debates and challenges we will explore in the session.
References
Butler, A., Chapman, A. Forman, E. and Beck, A. (2006) ‘The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses’, Clinical Psychology Review, 26, pp 17– 31.
Ivey, A., D’Andrea, M., Ivey, M. and Simek-Morgan, L. (2009) Theories of Counselling and Psychotherapy: A Multicultural Perspective (6th Edition). Boston: Pearson International Edition
Loewenthal, D. and House, R. (eds) (2010) Critically Engaging CBT. Maidenhead: McGraw Hill.
Milton, M. (eds) (2010) Therapy and Beyond. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Pilgrim, D. (2009) 'CBT in the British NHS: Vague imposition or imposition of vagueness?', European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 11, (3), pp. 323-339.
Sheldon, B. (1995) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Research Practice and Philosophy. London: Routledge.
Stiles, W., Barkham, M. Mellor-Clark, J. and Connell, J. (2008) ‘Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural, person-centred, and psychodynamic therapies in UK primary-care routine practice: replication in a larger sample’, Psychological Medicine, 38, pp. 677–688.
Trower, P., Jones, J,, Dryden, W. and Casey, A. (2011) Cognitive Behaviour Counselling in Action (2nd Edition). London: Sage.
Wesson, M. and Gould. M. (2010) .Can a ‘return-to-work’ agenda fit within the theory and practice of CBT for depression and anxiety disorders?. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 3, pp. 27-42.
Westbrook, D, Kennerley, H. and Kirk, J. (2011) An Introduction to Cognitive Behaviour Therapy-Skills and Applications. London: Sage.
Wills, F. (2008) Skills in Cognitive Behaviour Counselling and Psychotherapy. London: Sage.
The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist [electronic library journal resource]
December 12 Feminist Therapy
Sophie Smailes
Building on previous sessions’ engagement with issues of gender and feminism, this session will unpack some of the critical debates and practices within feminist therapy. Resistances and challenges to feminist therapy will be explored as well as how our personal locations impact on how we ‘read’ and respond to these debates.
References
Butler, S. and Wintram, C. (1991) Feminist Group Work. London: Sage.
Chester, A. and Bretherton D (2001) What Makes Feminist Counselling Feminist?, Feminism and Psychology, 11,(4), pp. 527-545.
Daniels, J. (2009) ‘Feminist Counseling and Therapy’, in A. Ivey, M. D’Andrea, M. Ivey and L. Morgan (eds) Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy 6th Edition. Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc.
Davies, D. and Neal, C. (eds) (1996) Pink Therapy: A Guide for Counsellors and Therapists Working with Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Clients. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Evans, K. M., Kincade, E.A., Marbley, A. F. and Seem, S. R. (2005) ‘Feminism and feminist therapy: Lessons from the past and hopes for the future’, Journal of Counseling and Development, 83, pp 269-277.
Izzard, S. and Barden, N. (eds) (2001) Rethinking Gender and Therapy. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Lawrence, M. and Maguire, M. (eds) (1997) Psychotherapy with Women. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Proctor, G. and Napier, M. (eds) (2004) Encountering Feminism: Intersections between Feminism and the Person-Centred Approach. Ross-on-Wye. PCCS Books.
Feminism and Psychology [library journal resource]
SPRING TERM
Most of this term is dedicated to contacting a service of your choice, doing your group interviews and writing up your service evaluations. Once you have decided which service you are interested in and therefore which of you will be working together, each group will be allocated a member of staff to work with.