Northwest Passage- A sea route through the arctic ocean that connects the Pacific and Atlantic.
Privateer- Private Warships authorized by governments to attack other ships.
Line of Demarcation- A line drawn by the Pope Alexander VI to divide new lands claimed by Portugal and Spain.
Imperialism- The desirability of the acquisition of colonies through trade and diplomacy. (Bulliet 897)
Indulgence- Forgiveness of past sins that the Catholic Church gave as a reward for a pious act such as pilgrimages, reciting a particular prayer, or donations. (Bulliet G-9)
Henry VIII- Originally against Lutheranism and for the papacy, until his divorce was refused by the pope. (Bulliet 422)
Elizabeth I- The Queen after her father Henry VIII who shared his ideals. (Bulliet 422)
Capitalism- The economic system of large financial institutions that originally developed in Europe. (Bulliet G- 3)
Martin Luther- A professor of sacred scripture that opposed indulgences and started the Protestant Reformation. (Bulliet 406)
Calvinism- A philosophy started by John Calvin that stated that predestination existed and humans had no free will of what they did. (Bulliet 407)
Angelic Church- Moved away from Roman Catholicism less than that wanted by the Calvinists. (Bulliet 422)
Johann Gutenberg- Inventor of the printing press. (Armstrong 174)
Scientific Method- A way of doing a scientific experiment that originated during the Scientific Revolution. (Bulliet 410)
Encomiendas- A Spanish- American colonists who ruled Spanish colonies which was given the rule by the Spanish crown and had to exact tribute and in return teach them about the Catholic faith. This system was severely abused and later abolished. (Spodek G-3)
Peninsulares- Somebody born in Spain living in a colony. (Bulliet 442)
Capitalism- The economic system of large financial institutions that originally developed in Europe. (Bulliet G- 3)
Hapsburg Empire- The family of Austria that Charles V belonged to as well as his three preceding emperors. (Bulliet 418)