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14.2 PROBLEM SET: Gas Laws!
BOYLE’S LAW: P1V1 = P2V2
STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure = 0°C and 1 atm
1) A sample of oxygen gas occupies a volume of 250.mL at 740. torr pressure. What volume will it occupy at 800. torr pressure? / 2) Fluorine gas exerts a pressure of 905.5. torr. When the pressure is changed to 1.50 atm, its volume is 252.0 mL. What was the original volume?3) A sample of carbon dioxide occupies a volume of 3.50 liters at 125 kPa pressure. What pressure would the gas exert if the volume was decreased to 2.00 liters? / 4) A child brings an inflatable ball on a small plane.
Before take-off, the 2.00 L ball has a pressure of
101.3 kPa. The pilot flies the plane at an altitude where
the air pressure is 75.0 kPa. What is the volume
of the ball at this altitude if the temperature in the plane
remains constant?
5) A 2.0 liter container of nitrogen had a pressure of 3.2 atm. What volume would be necessary to decrease the pressure to 1.0 atm? / 6) A small 2.00 L fire extinguisher has an internal pressure of 506.6 kPa at 25.0°C. What volume of methyl bromide, the fire extinguisher's main ingredient, is needed to fill an empty fire extinguisher at standard pressure if the temperature remains constant?
7) Ammonia gas occupies a volume of 450. mL at a pressure of 720. mm Hg. What volume will it occupy at standard pressure? / 8) At a depth of 30 meters, the combined pressure of air and water on a diver is about four times the normal atmospheric pressure (400. kPa rather than 100. kPa). Suppose a diver exhales into the water, and one of the air bubbles has a volume of 10.0 mL. What will be the volume of this bubble when it reaches the surface of the water, assuming that it does not break apart and that its temperature does not change?
9) A sample of hydrogen at 1.65 atm had its pressure decreased to 345.5 mm Hg producing a new volume of 755 mL. What was its original volume? / 10) A 2.0 L helium balloon at a pressure of 1.00 atm on the Earth's surface ascends 10 km into the atmosphere, where the pressure is 0.27 atm. What is the volume of the balloon at that altitude (assuming the temperature stays the same)?
CHARLES’ LAW: V1 / T1 = V2 / T2
1) A sample of nitrogen occupies a volume of 250.0 mL at 25.5C. What volume will it occupy at 95.7C? / 2) Helium occupies a volume of 3.88 liters at -45.0 C. What volume will it occupy at 45.0 C?3) Oxygen gas is at a temperature of 40.5C when it occupies a volume of 2.23 liters. To what temperature (expressed in °C) should it be raised to occupy a volume of 6.75 liters? / 4) A sample of argon gas is cooled and its volume went from 382 mL to 256 mL. If its final temperature was
-55.5C, what was its original temperature (in °C)?
5) Hydrogen gas was cooled from 150.0C to 50.75.C. Its new volume is 75.8 mL. What was the original volume? / 6) A child receives a balloon filled with 2.30 L of helium from a vendor at an amusement park. The temperature outside is 31.0°C. What will be the volume of the balloon when the child brings it home to an air-conditioned house at 22.5°C?
7) A sample of neon gas at 50.0C and a volume of 2.59 liters is cooled to 25.0C. What is the new volume? / 8) A balloon occupies 2.5 L of a gas at 27.7°C. This balloon is dipped into liquid nitrogen that is at a temperature of -193.0°C. If pressure is not changed, what volume will the gas in the balloon occupy at this temperature?
8) Fluorine gas at 305. K occupies a volume of 507 mL. To what temperature (in °C) should it be lowered to bring the volume to 322 mL? / 10) An anesthesiologist is about to administer gas to a patient. The gas has a temperature of 22.4°C and a volume of 0.850 L. When the gas enters the patient's body, it is warmed to a temperature of 37.2°C. Assuming that the gas does not undergo a change in pressure, what will be the new volume?
GAY-LUSSAC’S LAW: P1 / T1 = P2 / T2
1) A cylinder contains a gas which has a pressure of 125.5 kPa at a temperature of -73.0°C. Find the temperature (in °C) of the gas which has a pressure of 100.5 kPa. / 2) The pressure in an automobile tire is 198 kPa at 27.0°C. At the end of a trip on a hot sunny day, the pressure has risen to 225 kPa. What is the temperature of the air in the tire? (assume that the volume has not changed)3) A sealed cylinder of gas contains nitrogen gas at 1.55 x 103 kPa pressure and a temperature of 25.5°C. The cylinder is left in the sun, and the temperature of the gas increases to 52.3°C. What is the new pressure in the cylinder? / 4) A fire extinguisher at room temperature (24.0°C) contains carbon dioxide gas at a pressure of 5.75 atm. If it is placed inside a freezer with a temperature of -66.5°C, what will be the new pressure inside the fire extinguisher?
5) A sealed cylinder contains helium gas at a pressure of 1535 mm Hg. If, when it is cooled to 0.00°C, it’s new pressure is 1.25 atm, what was it’s original temperature (in °C)? / 6) A scuba tank contains air at a pressure of 4.65 atm when it is at a warm temperature of 35.5°C. If this tank is used in the frigid waters of the Arctic Ocean, and it’s temperature drops to 0.75°C, what will be the new temperature of the air inside the tank?