EOG Terms to KNOW
(*4th and 5th grade terms ~only 5th grade)
1) main idea: what a selection is mostly about—the big idea. NOT a detail!! (what is another good title-what is the_____ mostly about-are all different ways of asking)*If they ask it about a specific paragraph –go back and reread it!!!!
2) detail: a fact that supports the main idea by explaining it or giving examples of it
3) summary: what the selection is about-from beginning to end written in 1-3 sentences.
4) character traits: how a character looks, acts, or feels. (ex: stubborn, nice, tall, lonely, boy, skinny.)
When asked “which word best describes the character?”—look for an overall word to describe how the
character acts-not just a specific moment in the story-make sure there is proof for the trait you choose!
5) Context clues: using special strategies to figure out words that you do not know.
· look a words around the word
· Sentences before and after the word
· ( def )-- look for parenthesis around definition
· , -- look fro a comma-the definition will be before or after
· or --look for definition if or is by the word
· * footnote[i]
He hated spitefulness or meanness to small animals. Spitefulness means______how I knew____
Mr. Drost swam in haste, with great speed to the boat. In haste means______how I knew_____
3) The weather was rainy, the bus was late and some of the team was sick. The coach was quite dejected. Dejected means______how I knew______
The boy was on the hill because he had been misinformed about the terrible tornado.
Misinformed means______--- I know this because______
6) similar: alike—the same. EX: what is another word that has a similar meaning to humble?______
7) making predictions: when asked what will happen next or to predict you should look back at the end of the story and reread the last paragraph or two.
8) Author’s Purpose: why the author wrote the selection.
to entertain or amuse: for fun—like a story or comics, a play or poem
to persuade: to change your mind or get you to DO something-like an ad or commercial on TV
to inform or explain or teach : to give you facts or teach---like textbooks, nonfiction, directions or recipes
to describe: to tell what something looks like only-like a menu or brochure-uses lots of descriptive
language-the five senses to help you picture it
9) italics: italics: words written in special font ex: italics for three main reasons: 1) titles * 2) names of boats 3) character is thinking in his/he head 4) to emphasize or show feeling *5) foreign language
examples
Tilly looked up at the sky. Please let them find Hunter-please! Her very heart pushed out these words with each beat.
Chris grabbed the last piece of pizza when no one was looking. The tiny mouse scared the woman at the store.
Hannah was reading Eclipse all weekend while she was on the Wind Dancer at Lake Lemon.
¡Buena suerte! means______in Spanish.
10) nonfiction: writing that is true—about real people, animals or things.
11) *historical fiction: writing that is NOT true but has some historical facts in it. (George Washington’s
Socks)
12) realistic fiction: writing that is NOT true but is about people, places and problems that could really
happen.
13) fable: made up stories with animals talking that have a moral (teach a lesson)
14) inferences/ infer/drawing conclusions /to conclude: using clues to figure out something that the author does NOT say. Requires you to look at a whole paragraph or even 2! Ex: The children ran outside in their heavy coats and mittens. You could infer it is______season.
15) setting: when and where—time and place of a story.
16) plot: the main events of a story.
17) *theme: the main point of a story or poem-usually teaches a lesson about life. Ex: Charlotte’s Web theme is about friendship.
18) narrator: person telling the story. 1st person narrator is in the story and telling the story—uses “I”
3rd person narrator an invisible spy-person not in the story telling the story.
19) graphic aids: maps, charts, tables, diagrams, graphs or pictures-all used to help you understand and picture information. ALWAYS read title first when reading these and then the labels-the title is the main idea of the graph!
20) * asterisk:* used as a footnote
21) * ellipsis: 1) to pause 2) to show words are being left out 3) to show thought or words trailing off…
“I don’t know…I guess I will go” Obama, “Americans... still believe in an America where anything's possible.” There was a loud noise and the there was profound silence. . . “I want an apple and a …”
22) * dash: 1) used to show interruption 2) to show stuttering or stammering 3) a quick change in topic
W-w-wha-t-t d-do y-you-u m-me-an-n? Walking along without a care--suddenly a cat jumped out at her.
23) ( ) parenthesis: used to give additional information or to be sarcastic.
24) skim: read quickly over a passage to get main idea or to summarize.
25) scan: look quickly for key word or phrase-not reading every word. EX: looking for ph#, date, calories
26) fact: true statements that can be checked or proven. ex: CFE is a school in Rocky Point.
27) opinion: statements that cannot be proved –is a feeling or believes ex: CFE is the best school. You should eat.
28) cause: why something happens—happens first. ex: The sky blackened and all of the kids ran for cover.
29) effect: what happens after or last ex: Applause erupted in the gym as the speaker came out on stage.
30) ~ tone: how the author feels about the topic he/she is writing about
Positive: Hw is useful and essential. Negative: Hw is time consuming garbage. Neutral: Hw is given at school.
31) *mood: how the selection makes the reader feel
32) ~propaganda: the use of facts and ideas to persuade people to buy, do or believe something
33) ~bias: unfair favoritism –to prefer one thing over another for no real reason
34) stereotype: an opinion that describes an entire group of people and has little or no truth.
35) ~generalization: generalization: when you take one fact and apply it to a larger group. EX: You visit Mexico and it is warmer there than in the US. You say “the climate in Mexico is generally warmer than that of the northern United States”.
36) “ ” quotation marks: 1) used to show a character is speaking 2) someone is quoting someone else 3) to show a word is being used in another way 4) titles of songs or poems
The “volcano” on his nose was getting ready to erupt. “Book!” screeched Sunny. My mom says “treat others like you want to be treated” all the time. We read “Revenge of the Lunch Ladies” in class.
37) ~irony: to show the opposite of something (ironic)
38) literal language: words meaning exactly what they say. ex: If you don’t do your hw I will give you a zero.
39) figurative language: words that do not mean exactly what they say. ex: If you don’t do your hw I ground you for life!
40) simile: comparing 2 different things using like or as ex: Her laughter tinkled like bells in the room.
41) metaphor: comparing 2 different things WITHOUT using like or as ex: His mountainous belly shook.
42) alliteration: repeating the same beginning sound ex: Happy Handline hopped after her students made hundreds!
43) onomatopoeia: words that are sounds-screech, clunk, scritch, cha-ching, meow
44) Exaggeration(~hyperbole): to exaggerate. ex: I was so thirsty I could have drank the Atlantic Ocean dry!
45) speaker: person speaking or telling the poem (narrator)
46) stanza: how a poem is grouped –a stanza is a group of lines separated by a space.
47) ~convey: to put across or suggest. Ex: The painting he made conveyed the sadness he felt about his mother’s death.
48) demonstrate: to show or explain
49) dialogue: a characters words spoken in a book-conversation
50) *impact: a strong or powerful effect EX: Tearing down forests had a big impact on the animals habitat.
51) significance: importance ex: What is the significance of one person’s signature being larger on the Constitution?
52) *influences: effect on something or someone Ex: His big brother influences his decisions.
53) emphasis: special importance- with feeling
54) *eyewitness: person who saw it when it happened
55) journal / diary/ memoirs*: personal record of someone’s life
56) sequence: in order from first to last
57) chronological: arranged in order in which they happened
58) *statistics: numbers
59) subheadings/subtitles: words in bold that give reader information about the next paragraph (main idea)
60) ingredients: headings under the main one that give the main idea of the section beneath them
61) materials: items used in a recipe or directions (ex: hammer, paper, bowl)
62) *condiments: food seasonings –salt, pepper, mustard
63) utensils: tools used in kitchen (spoon, whisk, spatula)
64) equipment: tools needed
65) *flashback: to stop and tell about something that happened earlier in the story—go back
66) ~foreshadowing: to give hints about what will happen later on in the future ex: A dark shadow suddenly fell over the boat and Fred felt his hairs tingle.
67)
68) *Types of conflict:
1) man vs. man: problems with other people
2) man vs. himself: problems within yourself
3) man vs. nature: problems with nature
4) man vs. society: problems with laws or beliefs of a group
Two kids fighting over the football on the playground=______
The people in California battling the fires=______
Not letting girls play on a boy’s football team=______
You forgot to study for the test, but you can see the answers on your neighbors test=______
[i] footnote gives meaning of words or additional information!