Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University / Leader: / Kelly
Course: / Biol 212 (1 )
Instructor: / Howell/Sakaguchi
Date: / 11/9/14
BIOTECHNOLOGY:
What is Recombinant DNA?
What are the three "I's" of gene cloning? Depict and explain the 'tools' used at each step.
1. / 2. / 3.How can you make a genomic library? A cDNA library? What is the difference?
PCR= ______Depict the 3 steps. What is necessary at each step? What is the purpose/importance of this technique? Figure 20-6
1. / 2. / 3.The human genome contains how many genes?
What percentage of that encodes proteins?
How many base pairs are in the human genome?
What does it mean to be transgenic?
How do you make a transgenic organism?
How is gene therapy different from the production of transgenic organisms?
CELL SPECIALIZATION:
What is the ECM? Compare and contrast for plants and animals.
Plants / AnimalsComposition
(Macromolecular)
Functions (Should be slightly different for each)
Cell Junctions (Include functions and unique features)
What are CAMs? Explain the two classes of CAMS? Where do they fit in above?
List:
Animal Tissue Types (4) / Plant Tissue Types (3)What is the reasoning behind having different cells and tissues in multicellular organisms?
Explain the location and function of epithelial tissue and why that relationship is important?
Think about some examples of model organisms. What makes them good model organisms?
DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS:
Explain both pattern formation and positional information and how they relate?
What is Genomic Equivalence? What have we previously discussed that is similar?
What is meant by a "Hierarchy of Transcription Factors" during embryo develpment? Using the Drosophila example what genes encode the different transcription factors? What is combinatorial regulation? What are morphogens?
Biotechnology Review Challenge: Explain how you could determine if cells were expressing different proteins aside from visual observations?
How does bicoid accumulate in the anterior region of the oocyte? (Figure 1.9 is helpful) What would you expect to be the phenotype of a larva in which the bicoid gene was expressed in both the anterior region and the posterior region of the oocyte? What would cause the gene to be expressed in both regions?
Stem Cells:
Give examples of the following stem cells:
Totipotent-
Pluripotent-
Multipotent-
Unipotent-
What are iPSC's? What are their significance?
Meristems:
What is a Meristem?
What changes occur in a plant during germination?
What is the meristem doing at the next two stages in plant development?
What are Hox/Homeotic genes and what is the Colinearity Rule?
Compare and contrast homeotic genes:
Animal: / Plant:DIGESTION:
What must the diet of an animal consist of? What is the diet compensating for in comparison to plants?
Name 7 categories of organic and inorganic nutrients that animals require for life.
Organic / Inorganic(table 45.1)
Make a definition for nutrient that is under 3 words.
What is an essential nutrient? Which of the above categories in the table have at least some essential nutrients? Star these categories and expand upon them within the table.
What are the 4 steps in food processing?
Explain the 3 ways to obtain food? Which types use intracellular/extracellular digestion?
Compare and contrast a gastrovascular cavity and an alimentary canal for digestion? Include examples.
What is the causative agent of gastric ulcers?
Explain the functions of Chief cells and Parietal cells. Where are they found? What is their significance?
Explain how each organ specifically aids in digestion and absorption:
Stomach / Small Intestine / Large IntestineWhat are two ways that digestion can be regulated?