Table A1 -a) Characteristics of screening programmes and intervention delivery in the ADDITION-DK trial and b) Treatment recommendations and targets in the intensive treatment group. Table modified from (26).

a / Screening programme / Intervention delivery
Patients aged 40–69 years sent letters that included questions from the Danish Diabetes Risk Score Questionnaire and advised recipients with scores ≥5 (high risk) to arrange an appointment with family physician for assessment, including RBG, FBG, and HbA1c tests, or patients attending family physician practice asked to complete risk score questionnaire and those with scores ≥5 underwent blood glucose tests / Small group or practice-based educational meetings with
family physicians and nurses to discuss treatment targets, algorithms, and lifestyle advice
Audit and feedback included in follow-up group meetings up
to twice per year or coordinated by post
Practice staff provided with educational materials for patients.
Small financial incentives given to family physicians*
Patients sent reminders if annual assessments overdue
*Payment up to equivalent of three 10 min consultations with a family physician and three 15 min consultations with a nurse, per patient, per year, for 3 years.
b / Treatment target / Treatment threshold / Approach at baseline if threshold passed / Action at review
Review 1 / Review 2 / Review 3
HbA1c / <7.0% / >6.5% / Diet / Value >threshold, prescribe
metformin / Value >threshold, increase
metformin dose or add a PGR,
sulphonylurea, or TZD / Value >threshold, add second
or third medication (PGR or
sulphonurea, or TZD) and
consider adding insulin
Blood pressure / ≤135/85 mmHg / ≥120/80 mm Hg / If CVD+, prescribe an ACE inhibitor titrated to maximum dose / Value >target, add thiazide
diuretic or calcium-channel
blocker / Value >target, add calciumchannel
blocker or thiazide
diuretic / Value >target, add β blocker or
α blocker
Total cholesterol level without IHD / <5.0 mmol/L / ≥ 3.5 mmol/L / Prescribe a statin / Value >target, increase statin
dose up to maximum / Value >target, increase statin
dose up to maximum / Value >target, consider adding
a fibrate
Cholesterol level with IHD / <4.5 mmol/L / ≥ 3.5 mmol/L / Prescribe a statin / Value >target, increase statin
dose up to maximum / Value >target, continue statin
titration if maximum dose not
reached / Value >target, consider adding
a fibrate
Aspirin / None / None / 75-80 mg daily / 75-80 mg daily / 75-80 mg daily / 75-80 mg daily
PGR=prandial glucose regulator. TZD=thiazolidinedione. ACE=angiotensin-converting enzyme. IHD=ischaemic heart disease, CVD+=cardiovascular event or presence of cardiovascular risk factor other than diabetes. BP=blood pressure. †All patients receiving antihypertensive medication and without specific contraindications.

Table A2 -Cross-sectional associations between risk factors andmethylglyoxal a) at baseline, and b) at follow-up

a) Baseline explanatory variable / % difference (95%-CI) / P
Age* / 0.5 (-0.1 to 1.0) / 0.08
Male sex# / 7.1 (-0.3 to 15.0) / 0.06
BMI / -0.1 (-0.8 to 0.6) / 0.84
HbA1c / 0.8 (-1.8 to 3.4) / 0.56
Fasting blood glucose / 2.3 (0.3 to 4.4) / 0.03
Systolic BP / 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.2) / 0.64
Diastolic BP / 0.2 (-0.1 to 0.6) / 0.18
Total cholesterol / 1.8 (-1.5 to 5.3) / 0.28
Triglycerides / 0.1 (-2 to 4.0) / 0.51
HDL cholesterol / 0.1 (-9.9 to 11.3) / 0.98
LDL cholesterol / 1.5 (-2.3 to 5.5) / 0.44
Waist circumference / 0.1 (-0.2 to 0.4) / 0.42
Smoking – ‘ex’ (vs. ‘never’) / 0.4 (-8.2 to 9.8) / 0.93
Smoking – ‘current’ (vs. ‘never’) / 11.6 (1.9 to 22.3) / 0.02
b) Follow-up explanatory variable
Age* / 0.3 (-0.3 to 0.9) / 0.32
Male sex† / -4.5 (-12.3 to 4.1) / 0.29
BMI / -0.3 (-1.1 to 0.5) / 0.50
HbA1c / -0.8 (-5.7 to 4.3) / 0.76
Systolic BP / -0.1 (-0.3 to 0.2) / 0.59
Diastolic BP / -0.2 (-0.6 to 0.3) / 0.43
Total cholesterol / -4.2 (-8.6 to 0.4) / 0.07
Triglycerides / -1.3 (-5.4 to 2.9) / 0.53
HDL cholesterol / 1.5 (-9.0 to 13.2) / 0.79
LDL cholesterol / -6.0 (-10.9 to -0.7) / 0.03
Waist circumference / -0.2 (-0.5 to 0.2) / 0.37
Smoking – ‘ex’ (vs. ‘never’) / 4.4 (-6.1 to 16.1) / 0.42
Smoking – ‘current’ (vs. ‘never’) / 4.9 (0.1 to 28.3) / <0.05

Adjusted for age, sex, randomisation arm and cluster randomisation.

*Not adjusted for age

# Not adjusted for sex

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