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Management
Chapter 8 Leadership
1) In an organization, people in positions that are labeled managerial or supervisory have more opportunities to exert leadership than others.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 206
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 1
2) Organizational management is considered a subset of organizational leadership.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 208
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 2
3) Class consciousness is considered a negative leadership attribute across cultures.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 209
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 5
4) A potential leader who is low in positional power can compensate for that by having very strong personal leadership characteristics.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 211
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
5) Coercive power is an example of personal power used by managers.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 211
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
6) Reward power is one of the strongest sources of position power for any manager.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 213
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
7) A manager is using his reward power when he withholds a desired prize for an employee.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 213
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
8) Use of referent power is a cost-free way to influence other people.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 214
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
9) A manager asks one of his subordinates to carry out a request out of friendship. This influence tactic is best referred to as collaboration.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 215
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
10) A manager is using a coalition tactic when she seeks the aid of others to persuade an employee to do something.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 215
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
11) A relatively transitory characteristic of a person is referred to as a trait.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 216
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
12) An individual's drive refers to a high level of energy, effort, and persistence in the pursuit of objectives.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 217
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
13) A charismatic leader has influence over others based on the individual's inspirational qualities rather than formal power or position.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 218
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
14) Charismatic leaders typically engage in impression management.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 219
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
15) Social perceptiveness is the most important component of emotional intelligence.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 220
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
16) Showing trust and confidence in subordinates is an example of initiating structure behavior.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 221
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
17) Transformational leadership focuses on motivating followers' self-interests by exchanging rewards for their compliance.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 222
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
18) Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership model places particular attention on the behavior of followers.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 224
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
19) Amounts of reciprocal influence are limited in a leader-follower relationship in the maturity stage.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 225
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
20) According to Fiedler's leadership contingency theory, a favorable situation for the leader exists when the task is highly unstructured.
Answer: FALSE
Page Ref: 226
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
21) Extensive training and experience can act as a substitute for leadership.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 228
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 6
22) Neutralizer of leadership is any aspect of the organization or work situation that can hinder the exercise of leadership.
Answer: TRUE
Page Ref: 229
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 6
23) Leadership process can be best described as a(n) ______.
A) interpersonal process
B) personal attribute
C) internal consciousness
D) charismatic aptitude
Answer: A
Page Ref: 206
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 1
24) Which of the following is a valid observation about organizational leadership?
A) Designation of a leadership position is essential to exhibit leadership behaviors.
B) Leadership expectations are at the same level for all categories of employees.
C) Anyone in an organization can exhibit leadership behaviors.
D) Use of coercion is an approach used by effective leaders to handle critical situations
Answer: C
Page Ref: 206
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 1
25) Organizational management ______.
A) has limited scope compared to organizational leadership
B) is considered a subset of organizational leadership
C) includes very few activities that are included in a leader's role
D) include tasks that don't directly involve influencing people
Answer: D
Page Ref: 208
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 2
26) Which of the following is a valid observation of the interrelationship between management and leadership?
A) Organizational management is a subset of organizational leadership.
B) All leaders are managers, but all managers are not leaders.
C) Management and leadership are mutually exclusive behaviors.
D) Not all leaders are managers and not all managers are leaders.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 208
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 2
27) Identify a leader's attribute that is universally viewed as positive.
A) individualistic nature
B) trustworthiness
C) cautious nature
D) class consciousness
Answer: B
Page Ref: 209
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 5
28) Which of the following leader attributes is viewed as positive in some cultures and as negative in some others?
A) decisive
B) communicative
C) cautious
D) honesty
Answer: C
Page Ref: 209
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 5
29) ______behaviors of leaders is considered a negative behavior across cultures.
A) Dictatorial
B) Individualistic
C) Ambitious
D) Cautious
Answer: A
Page Ref: 209
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 5
30) Requirement of ______involves not only the obligations of the subordinate to the superior but also the obligations of the superior to respect the subordinate and care for his or her welfare.
A) compliance
B) harmony
C) achievement
D) benefiting
Answer: B
Page Ref: 209
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 5
31) Kerry is a unit manager in a Japanese automobile company. He leads a small team of design engineers at the company. He takes good care of his subordinates and expects performance in return. These management practices can be best referred to as ______.
A) individualism
B) neutralism
C) collectivism
D) paternalism
Answer: D
Page Ref: 209
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
Objective: 5
AACSB: Analytic skills
32) ______power is based on a manager's rank in an organization.
A) Referent
B) Expert
C) Situation
D) Position
Answer: D
Page Ref: 211
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
33) Interim Money, Inc., an independent organization, sells ATMs, as well as owns, operates, and manages ATMs for independent financial institutions in the United States. The organization follows a vertical organizational structure, and managers at different levels are given different levels of authority to control employees. The managers at Interim money obtain ______power due to the vertical structure and operations.
A) expert
B) referent
C) legitimate
D) information
Answer: C
Page Ref: 211
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
Objective: 3
AACSB: Analytic skills
34) Which of the following refers to the power granted to a manager by the organization?
A) legitimate power
B) reward power
C) referent power
D) expert power
Answer: A
Page Ref: 211
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
35) Which of the following is an example of personal power?
A) coercive power
B) referent power
C) legitimate power
D) reward power
Answer: B
Page Ref: 211
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
36) Which of the following is an example of positional power?
A) expert power
B) coercive power
C) referent power
D) situational power
Answer: B
Page Ref: 211
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
37) An individual becomes powerful if he is able to give others the rewards they want. The power obtained in this manner is a form of ______power.
A) position
B) referent
C) situation
D) expert
Answer: A
Page Ref: 211
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
38) The employees of a firm reports to line managers and they are responsible for controlling the work of the employees. What kind of power does the line managers enjoy in this example?
A) reward power
B) expert power
C) legitimate power
D) referent power
Answer: C
Page Ref: 211
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
39) Legitimate power of a person is reduced if the ______.
A) person's selection for a managerial position is questionable
B) person also has the power to punish or withdraw rewards
C) person is a specialist regarded widely as an expert
D) person's selection was through an electoral process
Answer: A
Page Ref: 211-212
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
40) Power obtained due to ______is an example of positional power.
A) possessing specialized knowledge
B) the acceptance among subordinates
C) referencing from others
D) the right to administer punishments
Answer: D
Page Ref: 213
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
41) Managers usually have the authority to distribute rewards to employees. This reward power they enjoy is one of the strongest sources of ______power.
A) position
B) situation
C) referent
D) personal
Answer: A
Page Ref: 213
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
42) Robert, a highly experienced software engineer, joins a new company as the manager of a large group of employees. In his first meeting with the employees of the new organization, he explains his expectations on the behavior of employees. He also lets the employees know that noncompliance with his norms will result in withholding the rewards that they receive. Which of the following types of power is Robert using here?
A) reward
B) transformational
C) referent
D) coercive
Answer: D
Page Ref: 213
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
Objective: 3
AACSB: Analytic skills
43) Broman Group Inc. designs, manufactures, and sells consumer product dispensing systems. Jim Cole is a plant supervisor at one of the manufacturing plants of the company. He observes a dip in the performance of a worker in his team. Jim informs the employee that he will release his annual increment only if his performance improves significantly in the coming months. Which of the following is most similar to the situation mentioned here?
A) Aston, the supervisor of a small organizational team, assigns inconvenient shifts to those employees who do not agree with his policies.
B) Arthur, the CEO of a leading book retailer in the southeastern United States, decides to reduce the salaries of its employees due to a financial slowdown.
C) Anderson, an operations manager, uses his formal authority to persuade the employees to put in additional hours of work every day.
D) Andrea, the CEO of a design software and service company, asks for a formal explanation from the managers for the company's poor financial performance.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 213
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Critical Thinking
Objective: 3
AACSB: Reflective thinking skills
44) You follow your doctors' prescriptions though they do not have any formal authority on you. This behavior can be attributed to the doctors' ______power.
A) expert
B) referent
C) legitimate
D) positional
Answer: A
Page Ref: 213
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
45) When people are attracted to, or identified with, someone, that person acquires ______power.
A) positional
B) referent
C) expert
D) legitimate
Answer: B
Page Ref: 215
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
46) A subordinate begins using gestures similar to those of his superior and imitating certain aspects of the superior's speech patterns. This is indicative of ______power that exists in organizations.
A) expert
B) legitimate
C) referent
D) reward
Answer: C
Page Ref: 214
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
47) Which of the following types of powers has relatively the lowest cost when used in organizations?
A) legitimate
B) referent
C) reward
D) coercive
Answer: B
Page Ref: 215
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
48) Identify the most accurate description of the rational persuasion influence tactic.
A) The agent explains how carrying out a request or supporting a proposal will benefit the target personally or help advance the target person's career.
B) The agent uses logical arguments and factual evidence to show a proposal or request is feasible and relevant for attaining important task objectives.
C) The agent seeks to establish the legitimacy of a request or to verify authority to make it by referring to rules, formal policies, or official documents.
D) The agent offers to provide relevant resources and assistance if the target will carry out a request or approve a proposed change.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 215
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
49) Chris manages a team of legal content developers at Spartal, a legal process outsourcing company. In order to meet an important deadline, Chris wants the employees to work for a few extra hours every day. Chris offers special incentives to the employees for finishing the job on time and for putting in extra work hours. Which of the following influence tactics is used here?
A) collaboration
B) ingratiation
C) coalition
D) exchange
Answer: D
Page Ref: 215
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
Objective: 3
AACSB: Analytic skills
50) Roma is an HR executive at Arbitron Technologies, an electronic manufacturing firm. She often finds it difficult to schedule supervisor interviews for potential candidates as the supervisors are always busy with their normal work. She also feels that the supervisors do not cooperate with her adequately. Roma seeks help from the COO to resolve this issue and he helps her in obtaining help from the supervisors. Identify the influence tactic used here.
A) personal appeal
B) consultation
C) coalition
D) rational persuasion
Answer: C
Page Ref: 215
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
Objective: 3
AACSB: Analytic skills
51) George works as a journalist in a media company. He often finds it difficult to obtain interviews from celebrities and other famous people. He gives excessive compliments to the celebrities and tries to impress them when requesting for interviews. Which influence tactic is George using?
A) ingratiation
B) inspirational appeal
C) legitimating
D) collaboration
Answer: A
Page Ref: 215
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
Objective: 3
AACSB: Analytic skills
52) A manager offers to provide relevant resources and assistance if his subordinate will approve a proposed change. Which of the following influence tactics is being used by this manager?
A) rational persuasion
B) collaboration
C) personal appeal
D) consultation
Answer: B
Page Ref: 215
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
53) Which of the following is the most accurate description of empowerment?
A) increased use of legitimate power
B) increasing managerial powers
C) reducing the effect of referent powers
D) sharing of power with others
Answer: D
Page Ref: 216
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 3
54) Relatively enduring characteristics of a person are called ______.
A) attitudes
B) traits
C) skills
D) experiences
Answer: B
Page Ref: 216
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
55) An individual's drive refers to a(n)______.
A) high level of energy, effort, and persistence in the pursuit of objectives
B) strong desire to influence others and to remain in power
C) strong belief in one's own capabilities, aptitudes, and the chances of success
D) ability to remain even-tempered and calm in the face of stress and pressure
Answer: A
Page Ref: 217
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
56) An individual has a strong desire to influence others and to be in charge. These behaviors are most closely associated with the individual's ______.
A) drive to succeed
B) self-confidence
C) emotional maturity
D) motivation to lead
Answer: D
Page Ref: 217
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
57) Penelope is the owner of a small-scale business. She has worked as a vice president in a large multinational company after graduating from a reputable university. After starting her own business, Penelope earns much lesser than what she used to earn before. However, she always had the desire to become an entrepreneur and is highly enthusiastic about attaining that goal. She displays high levels of energy and works day in and day out to achieve her goals. Which of the following traits is most evident in Penelope?
A) emotional maturity
B) emotional intelligence
C) drive to succeed
D) motivation to lead
Answer: C
Page Ref: 217
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Analytic skills
58) Edwin manages a small team of knowledge workers. He often faces tight deadlines and other work pressures. Despite this, Edwin remains a calm and composed leader. He is often praised for his ability to handle things with maturity. He is also receptive to healthy criticism. Which of the following attributes of leadership is most evident in Edwin's actions?
A) drive to succeed
B) integrity
C) emotional maturity
D) self-confidence
Answer: C
Page Ref: 217
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Analytic skills
59) Charisma constitutes a set of traits that can produce an especially strong form of ______power.
A) referent
B) expert
C) legitimate
D) situational
Answer: A
Page Ref: 218
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
60) A person can be called a charismatic leader if he or she ______.
A) can influence followers based on inspirational qualities
B) has a legitimate power to influence other individuals
C) exhibits more faith in others' ideas than his or her own ideas
D) has a weak need for power and high expectations of followers
Answer: A
Page Ref: 218
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
61) Which of the following is a possible disadvantage associated with charismatic leaders?
A) They don't have belief in their own ideas.
B) They often engage in orthodox actions to achieve goals.
C) They lack a strong need for power.
D) They do not always suit the requirements of the situation.
Answer: D
Page Ref: 218
Difficulty: Easy
Classification: Conceptual
Objective: 4
62) Gordon, the CEO of a closed-end business development company, believes strongly in the ideas that he proposes and stands by them. He displays high level of self-confidence and is an inspiration to his followers. Many consider him as a role model. Gordon can be called a ______leader.
A) transactional
B) neutralizing
C) situational
D) charismatic
Answer: D
Page Ref: 218-219
Difficulty: Moderate
Classification: Application
Objective: 4
AACSB: Analytic skills
63) Which of the following is a common attribute of charismatic leaders?
A) ability to achieve goals by engaging in orthodox actions