Name ______Date ______
- A disruption of homeostasis can result in all of the following except
a) illnessb) deathc) diseased) stability
- Infectious disease result from
a) genetic defectsb) microorganismsc) organ malfunctionsd) pollutants
- Scientists do not consider viruses as true living organisms because they
a)contain both DNA and RNAc) can reproduce only on dry surfaces
b)have an outer protein coat, or capsidd) cannot reproduce outside of a host cell
- An example of a disease caused by a virus is
a)Strep throatb) cholerac) chicken poxd) tuberculosis
- A vaccine is usually made up of
a) live, deadly viruses c) weakened antibodies
b) white blood cells d) killed or weakened microbes
- Bacteriophages are viruses that infect
a) fungal cells b) bacterial cells c) animal cellsd) all of the above
- Lysogenic viruses are viruses that DO NOT
a) have the ability to cause disease c) infect a host cell with their DNA
b) ever go through the lytic cycled) usually break open the host cell
- Which of the following diseases is caused by bacteria?
a)AIDSb) tuberculosisc) measlesd) polio
- Antibiotics are effective against all of the following microorganisms except?
a) bacilli bacteriab) bacteriophages c) spirilla bacteriad) cocci bacteria
- The body’s main physical barrier against infection is
a) the skin b) white blood cellsc) red blood cellsd) antibodies
- Produced in several parts if the body (mostly the bone marrow), B cells T cells are special kinds of
a) antigens b) red blood cellsc) white bloods cellsd) hormones
- Allergic reactions are most closely associated with
a) the action of circulating hormones c) an overreaction of the immune system
b) a low blood sugar level d) the shape of red blood cells
- White bloods cells can prevent a serious infection by
a) filling the damaged tissues with pus c) repairing the skin after it’s been cut
b) making barriers against pathogens d) ingesting the harmful microorganisms
- Certain pathogens, foreign tissues, and some cancerous cells can cause immune responses in the human body because all 3 contain: a) antigens b) lipids c) enzymes d) cell walls
- Which activity would stimulate the human immune system to provide protection against a particular pathogen?
a) receiving antibiotic injections after surgeryc) following a well-balances diet and exercising
b) being vaccinated against chicken poxd) receiving hormones that come from cow’s milk
- Which of the following is not a characteristic of white blood cells?
a) They destroy some microbes by engulfing them. c) They make antibodies that bind with antigens.
b) They carry oxygen atoms throughout the body. d) They “remember” viral antigens, protecting the body from them for life.
- The B cells function is to
a) destroy body cells that re infected by microorganisms c) destroy invading pathogens before they infect cells
b) bind with infected cells and repair their membranes d) produce antibodies that kill invading microorganisms
- When the immune system detects an antigen, it
a) pushes it out of the body immediately c)destroy the antigen by cutting it in half
b) produces antibodies that bind to the antigen d) produces antigens that cancel its bad effects
- Which condition would most likely result in a human body being unable to defend itself against pathogens and cancerous cells?
a) a genetic tendency toward a disorder, like diabetes c) the production of antibodies in response to an infection
b) a parasitic infestation of ringworm on the body d) the presence of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS
- The human immunodeficiency virus is particularly devastating to the immune system because it destroys
a) all the white blood cells in the body c) the helper T-cells, which assist B cells
b) all the red blood cells in the body d) the memory B cells
- The 2 domains of bacteria include
a)Eubacteria & Archaebacteria b)Eubacteria & Bacteria c)Bacteria & Archaea d)Archaebacteria & Archaea
- Prokaryotes differ from all other organisms in that their cells
a) lack nucleib) have cell wallsc) have ribosomesd) lack nucleic acids
- A scientist finds a new organism. The organism is single celled and has a cell wall containing peptidoglycan. The cell lacks a nucleus. This organism is probably
a)a bacteria from the Archaebacteria kingdomc) a bacteria from the Eubacteria kingdom
b)a virus from the Archaea domain d) a fungus
- Bacteria can form several types of colonies, including:
a)cocci-, diplo-, bacilli-c) diplo-, spirilla-, strepto-
b)staphylo-, strepto-, diplo - d) cocci-, spirilla-, bacilli-
- An important primary producer in many ocean environments includes
a)extremophilesb) methanogensc)nitrogen fixing bacteriad) cyanobacteria
- Viruses contain all of the following except
a)viral enzymesb) nucleic acidc) pilid) capsid
- Which of the following structures is found in/on ALL bacteria?
a)capsuleb) cell wallc)surface markersd) flagella
- In addition to antibodies, what natural chemicals do cells produce to provide protection against viruses?
a)antibioticsb) vaccinesc) interferond) antigens
Matching: In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that matches each term.
____1. lysogenic infection / a.Chemicals that kill bacteria on the surface of living things____2. bacterium / b. Process by which nitrogen is changed into a form that living things can use
____3. saprobe / c. Organisms that obtain energy from inorganic molecules
____4. prion / d. Organism that obtains food from decaying organic matter
____5. symbiosis / e. Small piece of DNA in bacteria that can be used in genetic engineering
____6. bacteriophage / f.Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
____7. cocci / g.A dormant form of a bacteria
____8. obligate aerobe / h.Spherical bacteria
____9. antibiotic / i.Viral genome inserted into the DNA of a human host cell
____10. virus / j. Process that heats food to high temperatures in order to kill bacteria
____11. prokaryote / k.Process in which viral DNA becomes part of a host cell’s DNA
____12. antiseptic / l. Weakened form of virus used to produce immunity
____13. retrovirus / m. Chemicals that can block the growth and reproduction of bacteria
____14. chemoautroph / n.Process in which a bacterium replicates its DNA and divides in half
____15. extremophiles / o.One-celled prokaryote
____16. nitrogen fixation / p. Chemicals that kill bacteria on nonliving surfaces
____17. lytic infection / q. Non-cellular particle containing nucleic acids that invades living cells
____18. pasteurization / r. Organism that traps light energy and converts it to organic nutrients
____19. conjugation / s.Virus that infects bacteria
____20. photoautotroph / t. Process in which a host cell bursts after being invaded by a virus
____21. disinfectant / u. Virus that uses reverse transcriptase to make DNA
____22. plasmid / v.A beneficial relationship between two species
____23. provirus / w. Sexual reproduction in bacteria
____24. endospore / x.Misfolded protein that causes disease in animals
____25. binary fission / y. Includes halophiles, thermophiles, and methanogens
____26. vaccine / z.Organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen
Name the 2 viral reproductive cycles and describe what occurs in each.
Determine if the phrase or terms below are a
- Problem caused by a virus B.Problem caused by bacteria C.Benefit caused by helpful bacteria
____ 27. Produces antibiotics ____ 32. Cold sores, measles, mumps
____ 28. Rabies in dogs ____ 33. Strep throat
____ 29. Makes linen & rope ____ 34. Flavors certain foods
____ 30. Insulin production for diabetics ____ 35. Break down dead matter
____ 31. Can’t be treated with antibiotics ____ 36. Syphilis, tuberculosis, meningitis
On the line to the left, write TRUE if the statement is true. If the statement is false, correct it by changing the underlined word(s).
______28. Viruses can be found in blood, semen, and saliva.
______29. A pathogen is anything that causes a disease in a host.
______30. All bacteria have a capsule.
______31. Viruses must be in a host cell to reproduce.
______32. Chicken Pox is a disease caused by bacteria.
______33. Compared to bacteria, viruses are much larger.
______34. Chicken Pox & Mononucleosis are diseases caused by bacteria.
______35. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or other cell parts.
______36. Viruses are prokaryotic.
______37. Viruses can only be viewed with an electron microscope.
______38. The sticky cell wall allows bacteria to form colonies.
______39. Meningitis causes uncontrolled muscle contractions & lockjaw.
______40. An endospore allows a bacteria to last for years until conditions are right for reproduction.
______41. Antiseptics kill bacteria on nonliving surfaces.
______42. Streptococcus helps aid in digestion.
Label the diagrams “Bacteria” or “Virus”.
___ 43. flagella (pili would be shorter) ___ 49. surface marker
___ 44. DNA ___ 50. genetic material
___ 45. cell membrane ___ 51. capsid
___ 46. ribosomes
___ 47. cell wall
___ 48. capsule