Is Livestock Grazing Compatible with Biodiversity Conservation? Impacts on Savanna Ant

IS LIVESTOCK GRAZING COMPATIBLE WITH BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION? IMPACTS ON SAVANNA ANT COMMUNITIES IN THE AUSTRALIAN SEASONAL TROPICS

Biodiversity and Conservation

Gabriela B. Arcoverde1,2, *, Alan N. Andersen1,2 & Samantha A. Setterfield1

1Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia; 2CSIRO Land & Water, Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre,

PMB 44, Winnellie, NT 0822, Australia,

*Corresponding author ()

Table S1. Ant species list, showing total abundances at sites with different grazing intensities (1 lowest to 5 highest) at Larrimah and Banjo land systems. Functional group classifications are: DD, Dominant Dolichoderinae; SC, Subordinate Camponotini; HCS, Hot Climate Specialist; C, Cryptic Species; O, Opportunists; GM, Generalised Myrmicinae; and SP, Specialist Predators.

Species / Functional group / Larrimah / Banjo
1 / 2 / 5 / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4
Dorylinae
Sphinctomyrmex sp. 3 / C / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Ponerinae
Leptogenys sp. 2 (clarki gp.) / SP / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Odontomachus nr. turneri / O / 21 / 0 / 19 / 56 / 94 / 4 / 12
Odontomachus sp. A (ruficeps gp.) / SP / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 3 / 0 / 0
Odontomachus sp. B (ruficeps gp.) / SP / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Ectatomminae
Rhytidoponera nr. convexa / O / 0 / 0 / 6 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0
Rhytidoponera nr. reticulata / O / 33 / 7 / 91 / 25 / 7 / 0 / 1
Rhytidoponeratrachypyx / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 11 / 4 / 0 / 1
Rhytidoponera sp. 21 (Group A) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 41 / 0 / 6 / 0
Rhytidoponera sp. 26 (aurata gp.) / O / 26 / 27 / 43 / 100 / 58 / 6 / 35
Myrmicinae
Adlerzia sp A / C / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Cardiocondyla atalanta / O / 0 / 0 / 2 / 1 / 5 / 0 / 0
Crematogasterqueenslandica / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Crematogaster sp. 2 (australis complex) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Crematogaster sp. 10 (australis complex) / GM / 14 / 2 / 30 / 15 / 4 / 0 / 14
Meranoplus nr. dimidiatus / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Meranoplus unicolor / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 0
Meranoplus sp. 8 (Group F) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0
Meranoplus sp. 15 (Group C) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 5 / 0 / 0 / 0
Meranoplus sp. B (excavatus gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 1 / 0 / 0
Meranoplus sp. C (aureolus complex) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0
Meranoplus sp. D (hirsutus gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0
Monomorium anderseni / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8 / 0 / 84 / 0
Monomoriumdisetigerum / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 60 / 35 / 22 / 11
Monomorium nr. disetigerum / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 24 / 1 / 0 / 5
Monomoriumdonisthorpei / GM / 199 / 233 / 0 / 28 / 312 / 48 / 93
Monomorium sp. 1 (rothsteini gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 20 / 418 / 0 / 57 / 115
Monomorium sp. 6 (insolescens gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 6 / 0 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. 7 (insolescens gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. 8 (carinatum gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 117 / 183 / 7 / 76
Monomorium sp. 35 (rothsteini gp.) / HCS / 6 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2
Monomorium sp. 50 (nigrius gp.) / GM / 656 / 215 / 165 / 540 / 448 / 495 / 364
Monomorium sp. C (nigrius gp.) / GM / 54 / 18 / 648 / 1385 / 770 / 432 / 1358
Monomorium sp. 24 (laeve gp.) / GM / 5 / 0 / 6 / 123 / 144 / 59 / 52
Monomorium sp. D (laeve gp.) / GM / 65 / 6 / 8 / 47 / 34 / 1 / 6
Monomorium sp. 13 (nigrius gp.) / GM / 166 / 10 / 14 / 1232 / 1017 / 295 / 806
Monomorium sp. 14 (nigrius gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 5 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. 32 (laeve gp.) / GM / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. 37 (nigrius gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 0
Monomorium sp. 40 (carinatum gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8 / 8 / 26 / 17
Monomorium sp. 51 (carinatum gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 35 / 8 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. AC (laeve gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. AD (laeve gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 4 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. AE (nigrius gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 14 / 5 / 0 / 17
Monomorium sp. H (nigrius gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 13 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. M (laeve gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. N(laeve gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. O (carinatum gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 13 / 0 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. S(laeve gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0
Monomorium sp. W(laeve gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Pheidole sp. 1 (mjobergi gp.) / GM / 130 / 2 / 49 / 66 / 27 / 24 / 57
Pheidole sp. 3 (variabilis gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 6 / 0 / 0 / 0
Pheidole sp. 13(ampla gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 6 / 42 / 0 / 0
Pheidole sp. 20(Group A) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 12 / 2 / 1
Pheidole sp. 21 (longiceps gp.) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Pheidole sp. 29(Group B) / GM / 1 / 0 / 0 / 24 / 16 / 41 / 7
Pheidole sp. B (Group A) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Pheidole sp. C(Group C) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 3
Pheidole sp. F (Group F) / GM / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 3 / 0 / 0
Solenopsis sp. 3 / C / 1 / 0 / 0 / 43 / 67 / 19 / 24
Strumigenys anderseni / C / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0
Tetramorium nr. sjostedti / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 2 / 0 / 0
Tetramorium sp. 1 (striolatum gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Tetramorium sp. 2(striolatum gp.) / O / 3 / 0 / 1 / 25 / 18 / 0 / 5
Tetramorium sp. 9 (striolatum gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 3 / 30 / 25 / 3 / 5
Tetramorium sp. 12 (spininode gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Tetramorium sp. C (striolatum gp.) / O / 2 / 2 / 0 / 15 / 0 / 0 / 0
Tetramorium sp. E (Group A) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 0 / 0
Tetramorium sp. S1 (striolatum gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 4
Tetramorium sp. S2 (striolatum gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 0 / 0
Tetramorium sp. S3 (striolatum gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Tetramorium sp. S4 (striolatum gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0
Tetramorium sp. S5 (striolatum gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Tetramorium sp. Sp1 (spininode gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Dolichoderinae
Iridomyrmexexanguis / DD / 8 / 0 / 0 / 68 / 20 / 0 / 65
Iridomyrmexhartmeyeri / DD / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 26 / 0
Iridomyrmexminor / DD / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Iridomyrmex pallidus / DD / 0 / 99 / 103 / 412 / 37 / 14 / 22
Iridomyrmex reburrus / DD / 17 / 7 / 131 / 5097 / 4107 / 2039 / 11
Iridomyrmex sanguineus / DD / 145 / 991 / 116 / 362 / 376 / 239 / 722
Iridomyrmex sp. 1 (anceps gp.) / DD / 0 / 3 / 2 / 50 / 12 / 4 / 0
Iridomyrmex sp. 2 (mjobergi gp.) / DD / 0 / 0 / 0 / 105 / 1 / 1 / 0
Iridomyrmex sp. 3 (mjobergi gp.) / DD / 0 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 0 / 0 / 0
Iridomyrmex sp. 25 (coeruleus gp.) / DD / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Iridomyrmex sp. A (mjobergi gp.) / DD / 2 / 132 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Iridomyrmex sp. M (mjobergi gp.) / DD / 0 / 0 / 0 / 75 / 0 / 1 / 5
Ochetellus sp. 2 (glaber gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 7
Ochetellus sp. 4 (glaber gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0
Papyrius sp. A (nitidus gp.) / DD / 0 / 669 / 51 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Tapinoma sp. 1 (minutum gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 12 / 7 / 18 / 0
Tapinoma sp. 2 (minutum gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 5 / 7 / 0 / 6
Tapinoma sp. A (minutum gp.) / O / 7 / 0 / 10 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 12
Formicinae
Acropyga sp. 1 / C / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0
Camponotus crozieri / SC / 144 / 273 / 126 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Camponotusdromas / SC / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0
Camponotusnovaehollandiae / SC / 0 / 2 / 0 / 20 / 16 / 9 / 1
Camponotus sp. 4 (pellax gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 2
Camponotus sp. 8 (discors gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 0 / 0
Camponotus sp. 9(novaehollandiae gp.) / SC / 20 / 0 / 0 / 22 / 30 / 0 / 13
Camponotus sp. 19 (rubiginosus gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 7 / 2 / 1
Camponotus sp. 21 (discors gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0
Camponotus sp. A (discors gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 0
Camponotus sp. 22 (rubiginosus gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2
Camponotus sp. I (rubiginosus gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Camponotus sp. K (rubiginosus gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0
Camponotus sp. P (rubiginosus gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Camponotus sp. M (pellax gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Camponotus sp. P1(pellax gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Camponotus sp. R (rubiginosus gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 2
Melophorus sp. 1 (aeneovirens gp.) / HCS / 1 / 1 / 0 / 26 / 21 / 8 / 18
Melophorus sp. 9 (Group C) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 9
Melophorus sp. 10(Group D) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 9 / 20 / 0 / 0 / 0
Melophorus sp. 11 (fieldi gp.) / HCS / 1 / 3 / 2 / 8 / 12 / 4 / 3
Melophorus sp. 24 (mjobergi gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 15 / 3 / 1
Melophorus sp. 31 (mjobergi gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 20 / 4 / 0 / 3
Melophorus sp. 30 (fieldi gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 7 / 1
Melophorus sp. 32 (Group C) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 8 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 4
Melophorus sp. 37 (Group A) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 2 / 0
Melophorus sp. B1 (bruneus gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 5 / 0 / 0 / 0
Melophorus sp. Fi1 (fieldi gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 0
Melophorus sp. M1(mjobergi gp.) / HCS / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0
Nylanderia sp. 4 (vaga gp.) / O / 0 / 3 / 2 / 12 / 3 / 4 / 2
Opisthopsis haddoni / SC / 3 / 13 / 9 / 9 / 1 / 2 / 7
Paraparatrechina sp. 2 (minutula gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 177 / 184 / 25 / 26
Paraparatrechina sp. B (minutula gp.) / O / 0 / 0 / 0 / 22 / 0 / 0 / 0
Polyrhachis crawleyi / SC / 9 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0
Polyrhachis schenckii / SC / 17 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Polyrhachis senilis / SC / 8 / 10 / 7 / 18 / 11 / 13 / 14
Polyrhachis sp. 16 (gab gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0
Polyrhachis sp. C (obtusa gp.) / SC / 0 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0