Human Population Dynamics

Demography

  • The ______, their characteristics and changes

Hank Green—Human Population Video

Developed Vs Developing Countries

  • ______—high average incomes, slow population growth, diverse –industrial— economies, strong social support systems
  • ______—low average incomes, rapid population growth, simple— agricultural-based—economies

Age Structure

  • The ______

Age Structure Diagrams

Survivorship

  • The ______to a given age.

Survivorship Curves—Short Vs Long Lives

  • The populations of different species vary in how long individual members typically live.
  • Rich Vs Poor Countries: Ex: Germany Vs Niger

Fertility Rates

  • ______—average number of children a woman has during her lifetime.
  • ______—average number of babies born per year
  • ______—the number of children a couple must bear to replace themselves (______[2.1 in developed countries and up to 2.5 in developing countries])

U.S. Fertility Rates

Migration

  • ______—movement of individuals (or populations) from one region to another.
  • ______—movement into an area (think ‘i’ for “in”)
  • ______—movement out of an area (think ‘e’ for “exit”)

Death Rates & Life Expectancy

  • Death rates have been declining since the 1800’s due to: ______
  • Life Expectancy (LE)—the ______
  • Closely ______(death rate of infants < 1yr old)
  • Global L.E. is about 67

Life Expectancy & Population Density

  • ______. As competition increases ______. As DR increases ______
  • Remember! As density increases ______, DR increases, and LE decreases

Demographic Transition

  • Industrialization is correlated to economic and social progress. This produces predictable changes in population growth rates.

Pre-industrial

  • Harsh conditions lead to high birth rates (BR) and death rates (DR).
  • Little population growth

Transitional

  • ______
  • ______
  • ______
  • ______
  • ______

Industrial

  • Industrialization is widespread
  • ______
  • Better access to ______
  • ______
  • Increased ______
  • ______(they don’t enter the work force until after high school or college)
  • ______

Post-industrial

  • ______
  • Zero population growth
  • ______
  • Negative population growth

Women & Fertility

  • Factors that influence total fertility:
  • Improved ______for women
  • Increased ______for women
  • ______
  • Increased ______(child care)
  • ______—pensions, social security, etc.—reduce parents need for children to take care of them.
  • Total Fertility Rate:
  • Developed countries—about 1.6
  • Developing countries—about 3.1
  • Average = ______

Problems of Rapid Growth

  • Rapid growth can ______(e.g. water supplies, roads, power plants, schools)
  • ______—fuel enables people to boil water and cook food.
  • ______—local water sources are used for washing and for dumping sewage
  • ______—as the population grows more and more land must be used for agriculture (i.e. food production).
  • Arable land is also lost to ______, as people move out of urban areas into the suburbs.

Managing Growth

  • Global Summit on Population & Development (ICPD) in Cairo, Egypt.
  • Major Goals:
  • Universal access to ______
  • ______of infants, children, and pregnant mothers
  • Encourage development of ______
  • ______—education and job opportunities
  • Increase ______for girls
  • Increase ______
  • ______
  • Reduce & ______
  • Consumption in US vs “less developed countries”