Chapter 27
Name and describe the three types of bacterial shapes.
Diagram and label parts of a typical bacterial cell.
Define peptidoglycans and compare bacteria and archaea with regard to them.
Define gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and explain the difference in their cell wall structure.
Define sex pili and fimbriae. State their uses.
Describe the role of infolded membranes in bacteria.
Define motility and describe bacterial methods of motility.
Explain how prokaryotic flagella differ from eukaryotic flagella.
Define taxis, endospore.
Name 4 methods by which bacteria can have genetic variation. Which one is most important?
Explain transformation, transduction and conjugation.
Explain the role of an F factor and where it can be located and how it can be passed on.
Explain what an Hfr cell and R plasmid can each do.
Name and describe 4 methods of bacterial nutrition.
Define: obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative aerobes.
Define: nitrogen fixation, nitrification, ammonification.
Explain the Nitrogen cycle.
Describe an example of metabolic cooperation among bacteria.
What problems have been encountered in trying to create a phylogeny for prokaryotes?
What is being used to classify bacteria now?
Compare and contrast Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya in their characteristics. (nuclear membrane, organelles, peptidoglycan, kinds of RNA polymerase, introns, 1st amino acid brought by tRNA, histones, chromosome shape, ability to grow at 100 degrees C or higher, killed by streptomycin antibiotic)
Define: extremophiles, methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles. Which domain has these?
Which domain do most prokaryotes belong in?
Describe 6 reasons why bacteria are important.
Define endotoxin, exotoxin, pathogenic, bioremediation, horizontal gene transfer
Define symbiosis. Name, describe and give examples of the three types of symbiosis.
Chapter 28
Describe the evolution of protists including how a plastid with several membranes could form.
Describe the major features of protists.
List and draw 4 major examples of protists.
State the functions of: eyespot, contractile vacuole, macronucleus, micronucleus.
Describe the life cycle of plasmodium and name the disease it causes.
Explain how a unicellular organism such as Paramecium performs all the life functions of a multicellular organism such as a person.
Explain the structure and importance of diatoms.
What do the pigments of red algae allow them to do?
Explain ways protists are important and give examples of protists that do these things.
List methods of the movement used by protists.
Define: zooplankton, phytoplankton, protozoans.
List and describe diseases caused by protists.
List methods of reproduction used by protists.
Chapter 29:
What group are plants believed to have evolved from? State 7 pieces of evidence for this
Explain how plants differ from charophyceans
Explain plant adaptations for life on land
Define apical meristem, gametophyte, sporophyte, spore
Explain alternation of generations
Define vascular and nonvascular
Give 3 examples of bryophytes and describe their major features (Veins? Reproduce by spores? Dominant generation? Size? How sperm get to eggs?)
Define antheridia, archegonia, and gametangia
Explain the bryophyte life cycle
Give 3 examples of pterophytes and describe their major features: (Veins? Dominant generation? Reproduce by spores? Size? How sperm get to egg?)
When was the prime time period for the pterophytes? Importance to us?
Explain the Pterophyte life cycle
Define microphylls, megaphylls, and describe how leaves evolved
Define homosporous, heterosporous, megaspore, microspore
Chapter 30:
Define tracheophyte and name 3 plant groups that are tracheophytes
Name the 2 major groups of seed plants
Give examples of gymnosperms and describe their major features (Veins? Reproduce by spores? Dominant generation? Size? How sperm get to eggs?)
Describe the gymnosperm life cycle
Give examples of angiosperms and describe their major features (Veins? Reproduce by spores? Dominant generation? Size? How sperm get to eggs?)
Describe 3 advances in plant evolution shown by gymnosperms and angiosperms and explain how they were better
Describe the angiosperm life cycle
Explain what each part of the ovule becomes when it develops into a seed
Define integument, megasporangium, microsporangium, micropyle, ovule
State what fruit and seeds each were in the flower
Name the 2 major groups of angiosperms and compare: # of cotyledons, vein structure, # of flower parts, root structure
Distinguish between fruit and vegetables
Define and give examples of simple fruits, fleshy, dry, aggregate, and multiple
List 4 methods of spreading seeds
Define and give an example of coevolution
Describe the plant evolution cladogram for the major plant groups
Chapter 31
List 4 members of the kingdom fungi and their major features
Describe the evolution of fungi
Describe ideal fungi living conditions
Define hyphae, mycelium, chitin, exoenzyme, coenocytic, septa
Identify and state the functions of stolons, rhizoids, sporangiophores, and sporangium
Identify and state the functions of a basidiocarp, gills
Explain mycorrhizae, the type of relationship involved, how it works and its importance
Explain what a lichen is, the type of relationship involved and how it works
Explain 3 ways fungi are important.