American Government 230Part III
Roskin, pgs. 161-169, A:IR17-16
THE PATTERN OF U.S. INTERVENTION
True or False Questions
1. The United States opposed Latin America's independence in the 1820s because it was a threat to the former’s own hegemony. True or False
2. According to the Monroe Doctrine, no European power should attempt to recolonize the newly independent lands of Latin America.True or False)
3. When Panama seceded and won its independence in 1903 from Colombia, there was no outside coaxing. True or False
4. The United Fruit Company which owned huge banana plantations was truly a state within a state in Guatemala that no Guatemalan government dared touch. True or False
5. The 1954 Guatemalan coup was a triumph for the people of that poor country, bringing in a reformist government with land redistribution and expanded economic growth. True or False
6. Fidel Castro publicly acknowledged his Communist views when he led a guerrilla war against the corrupt Batista regime in the Sierra Maestra of eastern Cuba. True or False
7. In spite of the fact that the United States provided air support to the arriving exiled Cubans on the shores of the island in 1961, these so-called “liberators” were quickly defeated, arrested and used in show-trials to further humiliate Kennedy. True or False
8. The spread of commercial crops, such as coffee, sugar, and tropical fruits, at the expense of foodstuffs such as beans and rice, did little to benefit the peasants of Latin America. True or False
9. No matter how some Cubans in Florida feel about the Caster regime, according to Roskin and Berry, there are many more Cubans living on the island that appreciate the education, jobs, health care, and equality that its Communist government provides to the large lower classes. True or False
10. Related to hegemony, a sphere of influence exists where a major power molds the policies of another state without controlling its government. True or False
11. Mexico is the only place on earth where you can walk from the Third World into the First. True or False
12. According to Roskin and Berry, Mexico is a "zone of chaos" on our border, an endless source of drugs, crime, corruption, instability, and undocumented workers. True or False
13. The influence of narcotraficantes extends through Mexico's army, police, courts, and even into the presidency. True or False
14. The violence related to drugs, prostitution, and corruption in Mexico is widespread, a condition that Roskin and Berry believe describes a truly failed state. True or False
15. In spite of the PRI’s usual tactics of trying to manipulate the Mexican presidential election in 2000, a candidate from the opposition PAN finally won and the trend continued in 2006. True or False
16. The fact that Mexico borders the U.S. has been such a primary benefit to that country according to former Mexican President Porfirio Diaz. True or False
17. According to Roskin and berry, the U.S. policies of eradication and interdiction have worked, significantly diminishing the flow of illegal drugs from Latin America. True or False
18. According to Roskin and Berry, U.S. intervention in Latin America, whether direct or indirect, has brought about democracy in that region. True or False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The 1823 U.S. proclamation to keep Europe out of the Western hemisphere: a) Lincoln Proclamation, b) Monroe Doctrine, c) Jefferson Corollary, d) Washington Mandate.
2. The 1905 U.S. warning to Europe not to use local debts to breach Monroe Doctrine: a) Roosevelt Corollary, b) Wilson Ten Point Doctrine, c) McKinley Proclamation, d) Harrison Agenda.
3. What was President Theodore Roosevelt’s commitment that kept European countries out of Central and Caribbean countries? a) He assured the Europeans that military assistance would be provided, b) He forced the Europeans to eliminate all debts owed, c) He promised to collect the debts owed to the Europeans, d) He simply told them that the U.S. would not tolerate any action against a Latin American country.
4. The U.S. has been intervening in Central America and the Caribbean since before: a) the war with Mexico, b) The Spanish American War, c) the Nicaraguan Intervention, d) the Bay of Pigs Invasion.
5. After signing an agreement with Colombia to build a canal in the 1870s, what stopped Ferdinand de Lesseps and the French from completing the project across the Isthmus of Panama? a) the British threats, b) an invasion by the United States, c) guerrilla warfare by local insurgents, d) yellow fever and bankruptcy.
6. What was the result of the U.S. training a local militia and installing its leader as president for Latin American countries? a) corrupt military dictatorships, b) stable democracies that promoted economic growth, c) secure and viable economies that helped transform the country, d) massive amounts of U.S. humanitarian aid coupled with capital, technical and managerial assistance.
7. During World I and World War II, the United States kept the following country out of Central America: a) France, b) Russia, c) Germany, d) Britain
8. Throughout the Cold War, the U.S. government perceived reformers in Latin America as: a) dedicated democrats, b) humanitarian utopians, c) military autocrats, d) communists.
9. What got Washington involved in Guatemala in 1954 that led to the CIA backed overthrow of the Arbenz government? a) Arbenz was a dedicated Communist who had eliminated all opposition parties, b) The Arbenz government was led by the military that persecuted innocent civilians, c) He had expropriated much of the land of the United Fruit Company to redistibute to the landless poor, d) A corrupt crackpot, Arbenz was hated by the overwhelming majority of the Guatemalan people.
10. What actions did Fidel Castro take which angered the Eisenhower administration leading to a break of diplomatic ties with Cuba? a) Castro received aid from Spain, b) Castro nationalized U.S. industries in Cuba, c) Castro called Eisenhower a capitalist thug and imperialist, among other insults, d) Castro offended the U.S. ambassador’s at a dinner meeting.
11. When Castro took power in Cuba, who left the Caribbean island for Miami? a) the lower classes and part of the middle class, b) only the middle class, c) the professional classes and some of the upper classes, d) the entire upper class and much of the middle class.
12. What limited the ability to overthrow Castro in 1961, unlike Arbenz in Guatemala in 1954? a) Castro had completely gotten rid of the old Cuban army, b) Castro relied on old Baptista government officials to be his eyes and ears, c) Castro coopted the opposition parties by giving its leaders positions in his new government, d) Castro refused to punish members of the previous regime, winning over the hearts and minds of the Cuban people.
13. A failed 1961 CIA-backed attempt to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro by 1400 Cuban exiles: a) Operation Castro, b) Caribbean Initiative, c) Bay of Pigs, d) Cortes Response.
14. The following program was created for Latin America to prevent another Cuba: a) the Assistance for Democracy, b) the Human Resources Initiative, c) the Democratic Assistance Alliance, d) the Alliance for Progress.
15. Why do presidential candidates give the Miami Cubans what they want when it comes to Cuba? a) Cuba is a little island that has nothing to offer the U.S., b) The U.S. fears Castro and does not want to provoke him, c) Florida is a critical state in presidential politics, d) The Miami Cubans are perceived as corrupt and must be contained through social welfare programs.
16. What does Samuel Huntington call countries that are pulled between a modernizing elite that wants to join Western civilization and the traditional masses that resist? a) backward, b) torn, c) ambivalent, d) destabilizers.
17. Related to hegemony, the following exists where a major power molds the policies of another state without controlling its government: a) colonialism, b) imperialism, c) autarky, d) sphere of influence.
18. What is the population of Mexico? a) it is about 35 million, b) it is about 50 million, c) it is about 116 million, d) it is about 200 million.
19. The Institutional Revolutionary party (PRI) is what type of political party? a) leftist, socialist, stable party, b) democratic, reformist party, c) statist, corrupt, bureaucratic party, d) conservative, church dominated party.
20. The agreement that linked the economies of Mexico, the U.S. and Canada: a) NAFTA, b) INCA, c) LANTA, d) CASTA.
21. The Mexican Maquiladoras are: a) the squalid conditions of the poor, b) the government bureaucracies, c) Government pensions for corrupt officials, d) U.S. assembly plants on the Mexican border.
22. In recent years, how much money has the United States contributed to fight the war on illegal drugs in Colombia? a) $150 million, b) $500 million, c) $3 billion, d) $10 billion.
23. What country is the exception when it comes to free and fair elections in a poor country? a) India, b) Mexico, c) Haiti, d) Pakistan
24. What is the solution to corrupt, rigged elections according to Roskin and Berry? a) The U.S. needs to give money and clandestine support to the opposition parties, b) A large, educated middle class, c) A free press, d) Direct military action by the U.S. and other advanced democracies
25. What is the long-term solution to the troubles in Latin America according to Roskin and Berry? a) increased foreign aid, b) a permanent U.S. military presence, c) land reform, d) economic growth via free trade.
Fill-in Questions
1. Why do major powers create and maintain spheres of influence?
a) For their ______,
b) For ______gain,
c) And sometimes for ______.
2. How is it that the elites in poor countries stay in power?
a) They prohibit or hassle opposition ______, sometimes by murder, until they are ineffective.
b) They deny access to the mass ______, chiefly through government control of television.
c) They distribute ______, favors, and _____ to their supporters who vote early and often.
d) They tell the poor and ignorant that they have ways of ______they cast their ballots.
Answers
True or False Questions, Roskin, pgs. 161-169
1. False
3. False
5. False
7. False
9. True
11. True
13. True
15. True
17. False
Multiple Choice Questions
1. b
3. c
5. d
7. c
9. c
11. d
13. c
15. c
17. d
19. c
21. d
23. a
25. d
Fill-in Questions
1. a) security, b) economic, c) prestige
17-1