Emergency

Medical

Guidelines


Medical Table of Contents

Basic Supplies Needed in a First Aid Kit 3

Medical/Health Emergencies 4

Emergency Procedures 5

Triage 6

START 7

Allergic Reactions 8

Bleeding 9

Pressure Points 10

Asthma 11

Choking 12

Heimlich Maneuver 13

CPR 14

Child CPR 15

Seizures 16

Stabbing/Gunshot Wounds 17

Diabetes 18

Heat Stroke 19

Poisoning 20

Behavior Concerns 21

OSHA – Exposure to Blood and/or Body Fluids 22

AED (Defibrillator) 23


Basic Supplies Needed in a First-Aid Kit

2”x2” and 4”x4” Sterile Gauze Dressings – Individually Wrapped

Sterile Gauze by the roll

Sterile self-adhesive pads

Adhesive Tape

Band-aids (various sizes)

Barrier Device (CPR mask)

First Aid Spray

Cotton balls

Q-Tips

Cold Packs

First Aid Cream

Antibiotic Ointment

Tweezers

2 – Triangular Bandages/slings

Vaseline Petroleum Jelly

Alcohol

Sharp Scissors

Thermometer and Shields

Tongue Depressors

Gloves

Whenever an emergency arises, please call 9-1-1. Once emergency services have been summoned and you find that you don’t need their services, the dispatch center can notify the unit to disregard. It is always better to call and have them on their way and not need them, than to desperately need their services and not have them accessible!!!!


MEDICAL/HEALTH EMERGENCIES

Have 9-1-1 called immediately for:

Anaphylactic Reaction (severe allergic reaction) / Head Injury with loss of consciousness
Amputation / Neck or back injury
Bleeding (severe) / Heat Stroke
Breathing difficulty (persistent) / Paralysis of any type
Broken Bones / Poisoning
Burns (chemical, electrical – 3rd degree) / Seizure (if not history or trauma-related)
Chest Pain (severe) / Shock
Choking / Traumatic injury
Drowning / Unconsciousness
Electrical Shock / Wound (deep or extensive)
Frostbite / Other – when in doubt

  1. Remain calm and assess the situation. Be sure the situation is safe for you to approach. The following dangers will require caution: live electrical wires, gas leaks, building damage, fire or smoke, traffic or violence.
  2. Notify building response team.
  3. A responsible adult should stay at the scene and give help until the person(s) designated to handle emergencies arrives. This person(s) will take charge of the emergency and render first aid as needed.
  4. Do NOT give medications unless there has been prior approval by the student’s guardian and doctor according to School BD policy.
  5. Do NOT move a severely injured or ill student unless absolutely necessary for immediate safety. If moving is necessary, follow guidelines in NECK AND BACK section.
  6. The responsible school authority or a designated employee should notify the parent/legal guardian of the emergency as soon as possible.
  7. A responsible individual should remain with the injured student on the scene and at the hospital until a family member arrives.

Triage
Triage means “to sort” and “to do the most good for the most people.”

Triage Categories

GREEN – “Walking Wounded” / Minor injuries that can wait for longer periods of time. Injuries include: minor lacerations, contusions (bruising), sprains and superficial burns.
YELLOW – Seriously Injured / Injuries may include: Penetrating abdominal wounds, severe eye injury, fractures, burns (other than face, neck or perineum), and open thoracic (chest) wounds.
RED – Critically Wounded or Life-Threatening / Examples may include: Airway obstruction or heart failure, external hemorrhage, shock, sucking chest wound and burns of the face and neck.
BLACK – Deceased / Injuries may include: Severe head injury, burns over 85% of the body, multi-system trauma and signs of impending death.


START

Start is the mnemonic when performing a triage assessment in reference to a mass casualty incident.

*Simple *Triage *And *Rapid *Transport

Allergic Reaction


Bleeding


Pressure Points

ASTHMA

CHOKING

.

HEIMLICH MANEUVER

Action / Rationale
1.  Stand behind the person and wrap your arms around his/her waist. / 1.  Rescuer’s arms should be just above the belt line. The victim’s head, arms, and upper torso are allowed to lean forward.
2.  Make a fist with one hand and grasp the fist with your other hand. Place the thumb side of your fist against the victim’s abdomen slightly above the navel and below the rib cage. / 2.  This action cannot be done on obese or pregnant victims. For these victims, the rescuer must do chest thrusts.
3.  Press your fist into the victim’s abdomen with a quick upward thrust. / 3.  This action produces a sudden sharp rise in intra-thoracic pressure which will eject the bolus or object that is occluded.

CPR (CardioPulmonary Resuscitation)

When administering CPR, it is important for it to be performed according to the American Heart Association standards. The 3 major steps are: C-A-B

C ompression

A irway

B reathing


/ Compression
If the victim is still not breathing normally, coughing or moving, begin chest compressions. Push down on the chest 11/2 to 2 inches 30 times right between the nipples. Pump at the rate of 100/minute, faster than once per second.
/ Airway
Tilt the head back and listen for breathing. If not breathing normally, pinch nose and cover the mouth with yours and blow until you see the chest rise. Give 2 breaths. Each breath should take 1 second.
/ Breathing
CONTINUE WITH 2 BREATHS AND 30 PUMPS UNTIL HELP ARRIVES
NOTE: This ratio is the same for one-person & two-person CPR. In two-person CPR the person pumping the chest stops while the other gives mouth-to-mouth breathing.


CPR for children is similar to CPR for adults. The compression to ventilation ratio is 30:2. There are, however, 3 differences.

/ 1) If you are alone with the child, give two minutes of CPR before calling 911.
/ 2) Use the heel of one hand for chest compressions . (Prevents compressing too deep).
3) Press the sternum approximately one-third to one-half the depth of the chest height.

SEIZURES

STABBING AND GUNSHOT INJURIES

+

DIABETES

HEAT STROKE/HEAT EXHAUSTION

POISONING AND OVERDOSE

BEHAVIORAL EMERGENCIES

EXPOSURE TO BLOOD AND/OR BODY FLUIDS

AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATOR (AED)

For Children Over 1 Year of Age and Adults

1.  Tap or gently shake the shoulder. Shout, “Are you Okay?” If victim is unresponsive, shout for help and send someone to CALL 9-1-1 and get the school’s AED.

2.  Follow primary steps for CPR.

3.  If available, set up the AED according to instructions.

  1. Connect Electrodes.
  2. Apply Pads
  3. Press “Analyze” button. Follow prompts.

Depending on how the AED analyzes the heart rhythm, you may be advised to deliver several shocks, no shocks, or shocks followed by CPR.