(Mack, Scherl Et Al

References on (or mentioning) children’s violence to parents

Compiled by Eddie Gallagher updated July 2010. From Please let me know of additions or corrections.

(Mack, Scherl et al. 1973; Harbin 1977; Mulligan 1977; Neher and Barswell 1978; Warren 1978; Harbin and Maddin 1979; Inamura 1980; Justice 1980; Straus, Gelles et al. 1980; Kumagai 1981; Nwokocha and Nkpa 1981; Pedrick-Cornell and Gelles 1981; Arrigo 1982; Cornell and Gelles 1982; Ney and Mulvihill 1982; Peek 1982; Barnes 1984; Kratcoski 1984; Russell 1984; Smart 1984; Dugas, Mouren et al. 1985; Kratcoski 1985; Mouren, Halfon et al. 1985; Peek, Fischer et al. 1985; Potter-Efron and Potter-Effron 1985; Rosenthal and Doherty 1985; Charles 1986; Livingston 1986; Goodstein 1987; Wells 1987; Evans and Warren-Sohlberg 1988; Honjo 1988; Honjo and Wakabayashi 1988; Agnew and Huguley 1989; Libon 1989; Pagelow 1989; Carlson 1990; Gadoros 1990; Hotaling, Straus et al. 1990; Paulson, Coombs et al. 1990; Straus and Gelles 1990; Pelletier and Coutu 1992; Pretorius 1992; Smith, Baker et al. 1992; Heide 1993; Adams and Doherty 1994; Cochran, Brown et al. 1994; Howard 1995; Langhinrichsen-Rohling and Neidig 1995; McInnes 1995; Micucci 1995; Millaud, Auclair et al. 1996; Pelletier 1996; Price 1996; Wilson 1996; Browne and Herbert 1997; Downey 1997; Laurent 1997; Loeber and Hay 1997; Monk 1997; Sheehan 1997; Brewer-Jones 1998; Browne and Hamilton 1998; Du Bois 1998; Frizzell 1998; Hastie 1998; Mason and Kreger 1998; Birchard 1999; Brezina 1999; Laurent and Derry 1999; Levy 1999; Pelletier, Beaulieu et al. 1999; Rybski 1999; Brezina 2000; Cavell 2000; Gelles 2000; Omer 2000; Cottrell 2001; Marcus, Lindahl et al. 2001; Bobic 2002; Buel 2002; Eckstein 2002; Marcelli 2002; Nock and Kazdin 2002; Paterson, Luntz et al. 2002; Alibhai-Brown 2003; Gordon 2003; Jackson 2003; Kurst-Swanger and Petcosky 2003; McCloskey and Lichter 2003; National_Clearinghouse_on_Family_Violence 2003; Pagani, Larocque et al. 2003; Seales Gordon 2003; Ulman and Straus 2003; Cotterel and Monk 2004; Eckstein 2004; Gallagher 2004; Gallagher 2004; Kethineni 2004; Pagani, Tremblay et al. 2004; Regalado 2004; Stewart, Jackson et al. 2004; Van Langenhove 2004; Cottrell 2005; Crichton-Hill, Evans et al. 2006; McKenna 2006; Perera 2006; Kennair and Mellor 2007; O’Connor 2007; Stewart, Burns et al. 2007; Stewart, Burns et al. 2007; Walsh and Krienert 2007; Walsh and Krienert 2007; Edenborough, Jackson et al. 2008; Edenborough, Jackson et al. 2008; Gallagher 2008; Daly and Nancarrow 2009; Holt 2009; Holt 2009; Pagani 2009; Ghanizadeh and Jafari 2010; Hunter, Nixon et al. 2010; Coogan 2011; Holt 2011; Routt and Anderson 2011)(Estévez and Góngora 2009)(Hartz 1995; Blasco, Merino et al. 2005; Garrido 2005; González Álvarez 2010; Tew and Nixon 2010)(De Lange and Olivier 2004; Boxer, Gullan et al. 2009; Ibabe and Jaureguizar 2010; Elliott, Cunningham et al. 2011; Laporte, Jiang et al. 2011; Lebowitz, Vitulano et al. 2011; Hong, Kral et al. 2012; Calvete, Orue et al. 2013; Holt 2013)

Adams, S. L. and D. Doherty (1994). Young adolescent batterers: A profile of restaining order defendants in Massachusetts. Boston, Massachussets Trial Court, Office of Commissioner of Probation.

Agnew, R. and S. Huguley (1989). "Adolescent violence toward parents." J. of Marriage and the Family51(3): 699-711.

Alibhai-Brown, Y. (2003). "Parents under fire." Community Care(November): 20-26.

Arrigo, M. J. (1982). "Battered parents in California: Ignored victims of domestic violence." San Diego Law Review19(4): 781-800.

Barnes, G. M. (1984). "Adolescent alcohol abuse and other problem behaviours." J. of Youth & Adolescence13: 329-348.

Birchard, K. (1999). "Irish studies show abuse of parents rising." The Lancet353(April 10th): 1251.

Blasco, F. R., A. M. Merino, et al. (2005). La violencia de los jóvens en la familia: Una aproximatión a los menores denuciados pos sus padres [Youth violence on the family: A justice approach to minors whose parents have pressed charges against them.]. Barcelona, Genneralitat de Catalunya, Departament de Justica.

Bobic, N. (2002). Adolescent violence towards parents: Myths and realities. Marrickville, NSW, Rosemount Youth & Family Services:.

Boxer, P., R. L. Gullan, et al. (2009). "Adolescents physical aggression towards parents in a clinic-referred sample." J Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology38(1): 106-116

Brewer-Jones, W. (1998). "A new slant on family violence: when children assault their parents." Psychotherapy Australia4(4): 62-64.

Brezina, T. (1999). "Teenage violence toward parents as an adaptation to family strain." Youth & Society30(4): 416-444.

Brezina, T. (2000). "Corporal punishment as a cause of teenage violence toward parents: Data from a national sample of male adolescents." Contemporary Perspecive in Family Research2(2): 25-43.

Browne, K. and M. Herbert (1997). Preventing Family Violence [Chapter 9 Predicting & preventing parent abuse]. UK, Wiley.

Browne, K. D. and C. E. Hamilton (1998). "Physical violence between young adults and their parents: Associations with a history of child maltreatment." J. of Family Violence13(1): 59-79.

Buel, S. M. (2002). "Why juvenile courts should address family violence: Promising practices to improve intervention outcomes." Juvenile and Family Court Journal53(2): 1-16.

Calvete, E., I. Orue, et al. (2013). "Child-to-parent violence: Emotional and behavioural predictors." J. of Interpersonal Violence28(4): 755-772.

Carlson, B. E. (1990). "Adolescent observers of marital violence." Journal of Family Violence5: 285-299.

Cavell, T. A. (2000). Working with parents of aggressive children: a practicioner's guide. Washington, DC, APA.

Charles, A. V. (1986). "Physically abused parents." J. of Family Violence4: 343-355.

Cochran, D., M. E. Brown, et al. (1994). Young Adolescent Batterers. Boston, Massachusetts Trial Court, Office of the Commissioner of Probation.

Coogan, D. (2011). "Child-to-parent violence: Challenging perspectives on family violence." Child Care in Practice17(4): 347-358.

Cornell, C. P. and R. J. Gelles (1982). "Adolescent to parent violence." Urban and Social Change Review15: 8-14.

Cotterel, B. and P. Monk (2004). "Adolescent-to-parent abuse: A qualitative overview of common themes." J. of Family Issues25(8): 1072-1095.

Cottrell, B. (2001). Parent Abuse: The abuse of parents by their teenage children. Ottawa, Family Violence Prevention Unit, Health Canada.

Cottrell, B. (2005). When teens abuse their parents. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Fernwood Publishing.

Crichton-Hill, Y., N. Evans, et al. (2006). "Research Focus: Adolescent violence to parents." Te Awatea Review4(2): 21-22.

Daly, K. and H. Nancarrow (2009). Restorative justice and youth violence toward parents.In. J. Ptacek. Restorative Justice and Violence Against Women.

De Lange, N. and M. Olivier (2004). "Mothers' Experiences of Aggression in Their Tourette's Syndrome Children." International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling26(1): 65-77.

Downey, L. (1997). "Adolescent violence: a systemic and feminist perspective." A. & N.Z. J. of Family Therapy18(2): 70-79.

Du Bois, R. H. (1998). Battered parents: Psychiatric syndrome or social phenomenon?In. A. Z. Schwarzberg. The Adolescent in Turmoil Westport, CT, Paeger Trade: 124-133.

Dugas, M., M. C. Mouren, et al. (1985). "Les parents battus et leurs enfants." Psychiatr Enfant(28): 185-220.

Eckstein, N. J. (2002). Adolescent-to-parent abuse: A communicative analysis of conflict processes present in the verbal, physical or emotional abuse of parents. Lincoln, University of Nebraska: 285.

Eckstein, N. J. (2004). "Emergent issues in families: Experiencing adolescent-to-parent abuse." Western Journal of Communication68(4): 365-388.

Edenborough, M., D. Jackson, et al. (2008). "Living in the red zone: the experience of child-to-mother violence." Child & Family Social Work 13: 464-473.

Edenborough, M., D. Jackson, et al. (2008). "Living in the red zone: the experience of child-to-mother violence." Child and family social work13(4): 464-473.

Elliott, G. C., S. M. Cunningham, et al. (2011). "Perceived Mattering to the Family and Physical Violence Within the Family by Adolescents." J. of Family Issues32(8): 1007-1029.

Estévez, E. and J. N. Góngora (2009). Adolescent aggression towards parents: Factors associated and intervention proposals.In. C. Quin and S. Tawse. Handbook of Aggressive Behavior Research, Nova Science Publishers,: 143-164.

Evans, E. and L. Warren-Sohlberg (1988). "A pattern analysis of adolescent abusive behaviour toward parents." J of Adolescent Research3(2): 201-216.

Frizzell, A. W. (1998). Biting the hand that feeds? The social construction of adolescent violence toward parents as a social problem. . Sociology, University of New Brunswick (Canada).

Gadoros, J. (1990). "The "abused" parent: Some cases of intrafamilial child to parent aggression. [Hungarian]." Psychiatria Hungarica5(3): 195-211.

Gallagher, E. (2004). "Parents Victimised by their Children." ANZJ of Family Therapy25(1): 1-12.

Gallagher, E. (2004). "Youth who victimise their parents." ANZJ of Family Therapy25(2): 94-105.

Gallagher, E. (2008). Children's violence to parents: A critical literature review. Social Work. Melbourne, Monash. MSW (research): 215.

Garrido, V. (2005). Los hijos tiranos. El síndrome del emperador [Tyrannical children. The emperor syndrome]. . Barcelona, Ariel.

Gelles, R. J. (2000). Parent abuse.In. H. Henderson. Domestic violence and child abuse sourcebook Detroit, MI, Omnigraphics: 493-500.

Ghanizadeh, A. and P. Jafari (2010). "Risk factors of abuse of parents by their ADHD children." Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry19(1): 75-81.

González Álvarez, M. (2010). Adolescentes que agredenen a sus padres: Caractrización de los menores agresores. Facultad de Psicología. Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Doctorado en Psicología Clínica, Legal y Forense.

Goodstein, R. K. (1987). "Violence in the home: II. Battered parents and the battered elderly." Carrier Found. Lett.126: 1-4.

Gordon, L. M. (2003). Correlates of treatment effectiveness for adolescent perpetrators of parent abuse. Graduate School University of Minnesota. Minnesota, University of Minnesota.

Harbin, H. (1977). "Episodic dyscontrol and family dynamics." American J. of Psychiatry134: 113-1116.

Harbin, H. and D. Maddin (1979). "Battered parents: a new syndrome." American J. of Psychiatry136: 1288-1291.

Hartz, D. T. (1995). "Comparative conflict resolution patterns among parent-teen dyads of four ethcic groups in Hawaii." Child Abuse & Neglect19(6): 681-689.

Hastie, C. (1998). Parental abuse and its links to domestic violence. Second Annual Conference on Children, Young People and D.V., Brisbane, Domestic Violence Resource Centre.

Heide, K. M. (1993). "Parents who get killed and the children who kill them." J. of Interpersonal Violence8(4): 531-544.

Holt, A. (2009). "(En)Gendering Responsibilities: Experiences of Parenting a ‘Young Offender’." The Howard Journal48(4).

Holt, A. (2009). "Parent abuse: Some reflections on the adequacy of a youth justice response." Internet J. of Criminology: 1-11.

Holt, A. (2011). "‘The terrorist in my home’: teenagers’ violence towards parents – constructions of parent experiences in public online message boards." Child & Family Social Work10: 1-10.

Holt, A. (2013). Adolescent-to-parent abuse. Bristol, UK, Policy Press.

Hong, J. S., M. J. Kral, et al. (2012). "The Social Ecology of Adolescent-Initiated Parent Abuse: A Review of the Literature." Child Psychiatry and Human Development43(3): 431-454.

Honjo, S. (1988). "A clinical study of children who refuse to go to school and do violence to family members." Japanese J. of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry29: 127-135.

Honjo, S. and S. Wakabayashi (1988). "Family violence in Japan." Japanese J. of Psychiatry and Neurology42: 5-10.

Hotaling, G. T., M. A. Straus, et al. (1990). Intrafamily violence and crime and violence outside the home.In. M. A. Straus and R. J. Gelles. Physical Violence in American Families New Brunswick, Transaction Publications: 431-470.

Howard, J. (1995). "Family violence: children hit out at parents." Community Quarterly34: 38-43.

Hunter, C., J. Nixon, et al. (2010). "Mother Abuse: A Matter of Youth Justice, Child Welfare or Domestic Violence?" J. of Law & Society37(2): 264 - 284.

Ibabe, I. and J. Jaureguizar (2010). "Child-to-parent violence: Profile of abusive adolescents and their families,." J. of Criminal Justice38(4).

Inamura, H. (1980). Kateinai boryoku: Nihongata oyakokankei no byori [Filial violence: Pathology in the parent–child relationship in Japan]. . Tokyo, Shinyosha.

Jackson, D. (2003). "Broadening constructions of family violence: Mothers' perspectives of aggression from their children." Child and Family Social Work8: 321-329.

Justice, U. D. o. (1980). Intimate victims: a study of violence among friends and relatives. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office.

Kennair, N. and D. Mellor (2007). "Parent abuse: A review." Child Psychiatry & Human Development10.

Kethineni, S. (2004). "Youth-on-Parent Violence in a Central Illinois County." Youth Violence & Juvenile Justice2(4): 374-394.

Kratcoski, P. C. (1984). "Perspectives on Intrafamily Violence." Human Relations37(6): 443-453.

Kratcoski, P. C. (1985). "Youth violence directed toward significant others." J. of Adolescence8: 145-157.

Kumagai, F. (1981). "Filial violence - a peculiar parent-child relationship in the Japanese family today." J. of Comparative Family Studies12(3): 337-349.

Kurst-Swanger, K. and J. L. Petcosky (2003). Violence in the Home: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J. and P. Neidig (1995). "Violent backgrounds of economically disadvantaged youth: Risk factors for perpetrating violence?" J. of Family Violence10(4): 1995.

Laporte, L., D. Jiang, et al. (2011). "The Relationship Between Adolescents’ Experience of Family Violence and Dating Violence." Youth and Society43(1): 3-27.

Laurent, A. (1997). "À propos des familles où les parents sont battus par leur enfant [Families with parents battered by their child]." Archives De Pediatrie4(5): 468-472.

Laurent, A. and A. Derry (1999). "Violence of French adolescents toward their parents: characteristics and contexts." J. of Adolescent Health25: 21-26.

Lebowitz, E. R., L. A. Vitulano, et al. (2011). "Coercive and Disruptive Behaviors in Pediatric Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Qualitative Analysis." Psychiatry74(4): 362-.

Levy, L. (1999). Child on parent assault: The impact of parental nurturance and demandingness, UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI: 112.

Libon, M. D. (1989). Adolescent-to-parent violence: An investigation of family environment, empathy and disengagement among adjudicated adolescents. California School Professional Psychology. Berkeley.

Livingston, L. (1986). "Children's violence to single mothers." J. of Sociology & Social Welfare13(4): 920-933.

Loeber, R. and D. Hay (1997). "Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood." Annual Review of Psychology48: 371-410.

Mack, J. E., D. J. Scherl, et al. (1973). Children Who Kill Their Mothers.In. A. E. James and C. Koupernick. The Child in His Family, Vol 2 N.Y., Wiley: 319-332.

Marcelli, D. (2002). "Enfants tyrans et violents: Child and adolescent violence, battered parents." Bulletin de Lacademie Nationale de Medecine186(6): 991-999.

Marcus, N. E., K. M. Lindahl, et al. (2001). "Interparental conflict, children's social congnitions, and child aggression: a test of a mediational model." J. of Family Psychology15(2): 315-333.

Mason, P. and R. Kreger (1998). Stop Walking on Eggshells. Oakland, California, New Harbringer Pubs.

McCloskey, L. A. and E. L. Lichter (2003). "The contribution of marital violence to adolescent aggression across different relationships." J. of Interpersonal Violence18(4): 390-412.

McInnes, J. (1995). Violence within families: the challenge of preventing adolescent violence towards parents. Adelaide SA, The Office for Families and Children: 21p.

McKenna, M. (2006). Adolescent parent abuse: The abuse of parents by their adolescents. Parenting Imperatives: 2nd National Parenting Conference, Adelaide SA.

Micucci, J. A. (1995). "Adolescents who assault their parents: A family systems approach to treatment." Psychotherapy32(1): 154-161.

Millaud, F., N. Auclair, et al. (1996). "Parricide and mental illness." International J of Law & Psychiatry19(2): 173-182.

Monk, P. (1997). Adolescent-to-parent violence: A qualitative analysis of emerging themes. ? British Comumbia, University of British Columbia.

Mouren, M. C., O. Halfon, et al. (1985). "Une nouvelle forme d'agressivit intra-familiale: les parents battus par leur enfant." Annales Medico-Psychologiques143: 292-295.

Mulligan, M. (1977). An investigation of factors associated with violent modes of conflict resolution in the family, University of Rhode Island.

National_Clearinghouse_on_Family_Violence (2003). Parent abuse: The abuse of parents by their teenage children. Canada, National Clearinghouse on Famiy Violence.

Neher, J. and M. Barswell (1978). "Parent abuse: The other side of child abuse." Psychiatric Opinion15: 39-41.

Ney, P. and D. Mulvihill (1982). "Case report on parent abuse." Victimology7: 194-198.

Nock, M. K. and A. Kazdin (2002). "Parent-directed physical aggression by clinic-referred youths." J. of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology31(2): 193-205.

Nwokocha, K. U. and Nkpa (1981). "Social change and the problem of parent abuse in a developing country." Victimology6: 167-174.

O’Connor, R. (2007). Who’s in Charge? A group for parents of violent or beyond control children. Department of Legal Studies; Faculty of Education, Humanities, Law and Theology. Adelaide, South Australia., Flinders University. Bachelor of Justice and Society. .

Omer, H. (2000). Parental Presence. Phoenix, Zeig, Tucker & Co.

Pagani, L. (2009). "Risk fctor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward fathers." J. of Family Violence24: 173-182.

Pagani, L., D. Larocque, et al. (2003). "Verbal and physical abuse toward mothers: The role of family configuration, environment, and coping strategies." J. of Youth and Adolescence32(3): 215-222.

Pagani, L., R. E. Tremblay, et al. (2004). "Risk factor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward mothers." International J. of Behavioral Development28(6): 528-537.

Pagelow, M. D. (1989). The Incidence and Prevalence of Criminal Abuse of Other Family Members.In. L. Ohlin and M. Tonry. Family Violence Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press: 263-313.

Paterson, R., H. Luntz, et al. (2002). "Adolescent violence towards parents: maintaining family connections when the going gets tough." A. & N.Z. J. of Family Therapy23(2): 90-100.

Paulson, M., R. Coombs, et al. (1990). "Youth who physically assault their parents." J. of Family Violence5(2): 121-133.

Pedrick-Cornell, C. and R. J. Gelles (1981). Adolescent to parent violence. Washington, Communication au Congres de l'American Society of Criminology.

Peek, C. W. (1982). "Family Structure and Violence toward Parents: Examination of Neglected Variables in the Study of Family Violence." Society for the Study of Social Problems.

Peek, C. W., J. L. Fischer, et al. (1985). "Teenage violence toward parents: A neglected dimension of family violence." J. of Marriage and the Family47(4): 1051-1058.

Pelletier, D. (1996). "A comparative study of adolescent to parent violence as reported by fathers, mothers and children." International J. of Psychology ???31(3-4): 5697-5697.

Pelletier, D., A. Beaulieu, et al. (1999). "Les adolescents qui agressent leurs parents

[Adolescents who are aggessive toward their parents]." Revue Canadienne de Psycho-Education28(2): 171-185.

Pelletier, D. and S. Coutu (1992). "Substance abuse and family violence in adolescents." Canada's Mental Health40(2): 6-12.

Perera, H. (2006). "Parent battering and the psychiatric and family correlates in children and adolescents." Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health35: 128-132.

Potter-Efron, R. T. and P. S. Potter-Effron (1985). "Family violence as a tratment issue with chemically dependent adolescents." Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly2: 1-15.

Pretorius, R. (1992). "Parents as victims of abuse by rebellious children and the role of Tourette's syndrome as a causal factor." Maatskaplike Werk (Social Work)28(2): 7-13.

Price, J. (1996). Power and Compassion: Working with Difficult Adolescents and Abused Parents. New York, Guilford Press.

Regalado, F. L. (2004). The problem of child on parent domestic violence: A multi-modal, multi-family intervention model. Florida, Carlos Albizu University: 114 pages; AAT 3150905

Rosenthal, P. A. and M. B. Doherty (1985). "Psychodynamics of delinquent girls rage and violence directed toward mother." Adolescent Psychiatry12: 281-289.

Routt, G. and L. Anderson (2011). "Adolescent violence towards parents." J. of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma20: 1-19.

Russell, D. H. (1984). "Study of Juvenile Murderers of Family Members." International J. Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology28(3): 177-192.

Rybski, N. C. (1999). An evaluation of a family group therapy program for domestically violent adolescents. Tucson, AZ, Arizona: 206.

Seales Gordon, L. M. (2003). Correlates of treatment effectiveness for adolescent perpetrators of parent abuse, University of Minnesota.

Sheehan, M. (1997). "Adolescent violence - strategies, outcomes and dilemmas in working with young people and their families." A. N. Z. J. Family Therapy18(2): 80-91.

Smart, E. (1984). "Parents in the closet. (parent abuse by teenagers)." Victimology9(3/4): 304-307.

Smith, S., D. Baker, et al. (1992). "Adult domestic violence." Health Trends24(3): 97-99.

Stewart, M., A. Burns, et al. (2007). "Dark side of the mothering role Abuse of mothers by adolescent and adult children." Sex Roles56: 183-191.

Stewart, M., A. Burns, et al. (2007). "Dark side of the mothering role: Abuse of mothers by adolescent and adult children." Sex Roles56: 183-191.

Stewart, M., D. Jackson, et al. (2004). "Child to mother violence: What does the literature tell us?" Contemporary Nurse18: 199-210.

Straus, M. A. and R. J. Gelles (1990). How violent are American famililes? Estimates from the National Family Violence Resurvey and other studies.In. M. A. Straus and R. J. Gelles. Physical Violence in American Families New Brunswick, Transaction Pubs: 95-112.

Straus, M. A., R. J. Gelles, et al. (1980). Behind closed doors: Violence in the American family. Anchor, Doubleday.

Tew, J. and J. Nixon (2010). "Parent Abuse: Opening Up a Discussion of a Complex Instance of Family Power Relations. ." Social Policy and Society9: 579-589.

Ulman, A. and M. A. Straus (2003). "Violence by children against mothers in relation to violence between parents and coporal punishment by parents." J. of Comparative Family Studies34(1): 41-60.

Van Langenhove, K. (2004). Intrafamiliaal geweld bij jongeren: onderzoek naar voorkomen en kenmerken van oudermishandeling bij TSO- en BSO- leerlingen. Brussels, Belgium, Brussels Free University.

Walsh, J. A. and J. L. Krienert (2007). "Child-parent violence: An empirical analysis of offender, victim and event characteristics in a national sample of reported incidents." J. of Family Violence22(7): 563-575.

Walsh, J. A. and J. L. Krienert (2007). "Child–Parent Violence: An Empirical Analysis of Offender, Victim, and Event Characteristics in a National Sample of Reported Incidents." J.of Family Violence22: 563-574.

Warren, C. (1978). Parent batterers: adolescent violence and the family. Pacific Sociological Association, Anaheim, CA.

Wells, M. G. (1987). "Adolescent violence against parents: An assessment." Family Therapy14: 125-133.

Wilson, J. (1996). Physical abuse of parents by adolescent children.In. D. M. Busby. The impact of violence on the family: Treatment approaches for therapists and other professionals Massachusetts, Allyn & Bacon: 101-123.