Unit 4 Revolutions
Enlightenment
•Enlightened thinkers sought to apply methods of the ______Revolution to the study of ______Society—social studies
Enlightened Thinkers
•______
–Argued ______were created to ______people
–Emphasized importance of ______rights
•______
–Argued the ______of the people was ______
•______
–Argued ______could be agents of ______--not a radical or revolutionary per se
Some nobility ______enlightened thinkers
–Catherine the Great (______) & Frederick the Great (______) used Enlightened ideas to reform ______, legal systems, tax systems, & economies BUT, suppressed ideas that promoted ______or attacked ______
Enlightened Communication
•Enlightened ______communicated with political ______
–______were instrumental through ______, purchase and discussion of writings, and making homes a ______for gathering of the minds
•Enlightened ideas became popular with the growing ______in Europe and the ______Hemisphere
•Many saw the ______as a new, ______place where the ideas would have a ______
•______
–Came to ______natural genius and vast ______of the Americas
–His success in ______, scientific and intellectual accomplishments, and ______career offered proof that in a ______society without chains, such as America, that ______could thrive
Folk Culture and Popular Protest
•Most Westerners did not share ______ideas
•Most ______people were remaining ______to pre-industrial tradition
•As monarchs tried to ______tradition with increases in authority and power—such as through tax collection—common people began to ______
•Protests were aimed to ______custom and ______, not bring about ______
•When combined with ______within the ______, potential for revolution grew
American Revolution
Middle 1700’s
•Drains on government ______
–______and ______War—1756-1763
–______Years War—1756-1763
•13 colonies existed for the benefit of the ______Country—______
•England/Britain provided ______for the colonies.
•Mercantilism
•*(______had been through it’s own ______in the 1600’s—______Revolution/English ______1640’s & 1650’s and the ______Revolution 1688-1689—confirmed ______, rule by written law, and wrote the English ______)
British policies in the ______
•British policies undermined the ______economy provoking Indian raids in ______and ______
•The raids were ______within a year
•Fear of more ______forced Britain to:
–Proclamation of 1763—placed limits on westward ______
–Quebec Act of 1774—slowed settlement east of the ______River and north of the ______River
American Revolution 1775-1800
•______and ______
–British government faced ______problems in North American after 1763
•The danger of ______with the Indians as Colonists pushed west of the Appalachians and a rivalry with ______
•The need to raise taxes from the ______to help pay for the increasing cost of ______—both administration and defense
–British attempt to tax or ______westward expansion provoked the Colonists to ______
British Attempts to Raise ______
•British tried to raise money through ______and ______regulations
–______Act
–______Act—tax on ______, paper, cards, deeds, wills
•Colonists ______and Parliament ______the tax
–______Act—tax on all ______and ______, glass, metal, etc.
–______Act—Colonists ______violently, Boston Tea Party, monopoly on tea for British East India Co.
•Boston ______—5 American ______killed
–______Acts—series of acts, closed the port of ______, required Colonists to ______British soldiers, etc.—______would get one sent to England for ______
British Advantages
•______—more soldiers
•Manufactured ______
–______, ammo, clothing
•More ______--large treasury
•______, well-trained ______
Colonial Advantages
•Fighting at ______—knew the lay of the land
•Fighting for a ______—motivated & determined
–______
–Protecting homes and ______
•Aided by the ______
•Strong leaders—______, had previously fought with ______
Course of Revolution 1775-1783
•______governing bodies established a ______that printed ______and organized an ______
•Ideological ______for ______
–Thousands of street-corner ______
–Thomas ______—Common Sense
–Declaration of ______
______were sent to colonies
–British forces ______most battles, but were unable to control ______
–British forces also unable to achieve a political ______to the solution of the colonial ______
•Native Americans served ______sides—British and Colonies
–______leader fled to ______when war was over
______entered the war in ______
•Assisted ______forces including ______Warfare that helped General Washington defeat General ______
•Treaty of ______in 1783 ______the war granting unconditional ______to the ______
Prelude to Revolutions
•______among European powers ______in the 1600 and 1700’s—growing ______
•______was growing on the seas
•______attacked Spanish and Portuguese ______
•______placed the ______in check
•British defeated the French in the ______War 1756-1763 taking over French ______possessions in the ______and ______
•Competition and war led to ______costs
–European ______were being forced to seek new sources of ______while at the same time, the ______was inspiring people to question the ______