Unit 2 Review: Classical Civilizations (500 BC-AD 600)
Classical Greece
1. Describe the major political, religious/philosophical, and cultural influences of Greece;
· Explain the role early civilizations played in the development of this classical society and how later civilizations grew out of the classical civilizations.
· Religious/philosophical: refers to polytheism and the philosophical ideas of
o Socrates:
o Plato:
o Aristotle:
· Greek city-state of ______develops the first direct democracy.
2. Identify the characteristics of monarchy as a form of government in Greece.
3. Identify the characteristics of the following political systems: aristocracy, oligarchy, tyranny, & democracy. (Note: Pure political systems are rare today. Today a country can be a socialist democracy or a democratic republic. We will continue to make this connection in future units.)
· Aristocracy: Rule by ______
· Oligarchy : Rule by ______
· Tyranny: Rule by ______
o How did the above three lead to the development of democracy?
o What is the difference between indirect & direct democracy?
4. Explain the development of democratic-republican government from its beginnings in the Judeo-Christian legal tradition and classical Greece:
· ______harsh measure led to the need for a more democratic rule of law.
· The polis (city-state) of Athens was the first to create a democracy.
5. How did people participate in supporting or changing their governments in Classical Greece? What were the rights and responsibilities of citizens and noncitizens in civic participation?
· Varied from city-states
· Citizens were free-born ______who owned property while non-citizens included ______.
· Citizens rights included:
· Responsibilities included:
6. How did Pericles and the Athenian assemblies lead to the development of a trial by a jury of your peers?
7. How did the roles of women, children, and families differ between the Greek city-states of Athens & Sparta?
8. Identify the contributions of these significant scientists:
· Archimedes:
· Eratosthenes:
· Pythagoras:
9. Analyze examples of how art, architecture, literature, music, and drama reflect the history of the cultures in which they are produced.
• Greece: creation of ______.
· ______completed the first known tragedies.
• Writing of History – ______(Father of History) and ______(non-bias historical writing)
o What is bias and why is it important to identify it in historical writing? (Recall primary vs. secondary source)
10. Summarize the fundamental ideas and institutions of Western civilizations that originated in Greece:
• Greece: Olympic games, Greek philosophy, influence of architecture on Romans and the west, and rise of democracy
• What is the Parthenon?
Classical Persia
11. Describe the development and major political, religious/philosophical, and cultural influences of Persia:
· Explain the role early civilizations played in the development of these classical Persia and how later civilizations grew out of the classical civilizations:
· The Persian Empire was founded by ______(known for his religious tolerance).
· ______created provinces (______) ruled by governors (______) to govern the various people within the vast empire.
· The Royal Road and ______helped connect the empire with a system of communication and was used to promote trade.
· ______(roadside inns/hostels) network built to offer shelter and protection to merchants traveling throughout the empire.
· Use of ______as well as a common system of weights and measures, also encouraged trade throughout the region.
· ______: A monotheistic religion in which people’s own choices determined their fate; religion contained early concepts of a heaven and hell.
Alexander & Hellenistic Civilization
12. Who was Alexander the Great (and why was he important)?
13. Hellenistic culture (Hellenism) fused Greek culture with the cultures of ______, ______, ______.
14. Hellenistic Empire: ______became the center of science and scientists, including the fields of ______, ______, & ______.
Classical Rome
15. Describe the major political, religious/philosophical, and cultural influences of Classical Rome:
· Explain the role early civilizations played in the development of these classical societies and how later civilizations grew out of the classical civilizations:
· Development of a ______with representatives, system of laws (______Tables), and separation of powers (______, ______, and ______), which became a basis for later laws in ______and eventually ______.
· ______was founded and spread throughout the Roman Empire
16. Political System- Identify the characteristics of a republic:
17. What role did the Roman emperor play in the government of Classical Rome?
18. Explain the development of democratic-republican government from its beginnings in the Judeo-Christian legal tradition and classical Rome:
· The establishment of the ______(Twelve Tables) led to the creation of legal traditions
o Civil law applying to ______only and law of nations applying to all people under ______rule.
· What happened when the Roman government shifted from republic to empire?
· IMPACT: The Roman legal system provided the foundation of ______society and the development of a democratic-republican government (democracy).
19. What six fundamental ideas and institutions of Western civilizations originated in Rome?
Classical Rome (continued)
20. Describe the rights and responsibilities of citizens and noncitizens in civic participation in Rome.
21. What Roman legal traditions led to the basic principles of law in Western Europe and the United States?
a.)
b.)
c.)
22. What was the role of women, children, and families in Classical Rome?
Women gained greater ______and ______in Roman society. In early Christian communities, women served as ______and administrators (later barred from any official role as the men dominated the Church).
Children (boys & girls) were taught to ______and write. Wealthy families hired private tutors.
23. Identify significant examples of art, architecture, and technology from Classical Rome:
a.) The arch- d.) Pantheon-
b.) Aqueducts- e.) Use of concrete-
c.) Colosseum- f.) Roads/highways-
24. How does the origin story of Romulus & Remus reflect the history of the Classical Rome?
25. Describe the major effects of the rise and spread of Christianity in Classical Rome.
26. What factors contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire? Be specific.
Classical China
27. Describe the origins and major political, religious/philosophical, and cultural influences of Classical China (Zhou, Qin, & Han Dynasties). (Be sure to know the meanings of the highlighted terms.)
· Zhou Dynasty introduced the ______(Dynastic Cycle) and nobles ruled through a fragmented government of ______.
· Establishment of______and______.
· Qin Dynasty ruled by Shi Huangdi who used ______to unify China through an autocracy
· Building of the Great Wall:
· Han Dynasty: centralized government based on ______principles, complex bureaucracy with scholar-bureaucrats, civil service exams, invention of paper.
28. Describe the following Chinese philosophies:
· Confucianism: Developed in China as a response to social problems and helped restore order based on the five ______. It was later adopted by the Han Dynasty and it became the basis of Chinese government, including the ______exams.
· Daoism:
· Legalism:
29. Compare the factors that led to the collapse of Rome and Han China.
30. Identify significant examples of art and architecture from Classical China:
· Terra Cotta Warriors:
· Great Wall of China:
Classical India
31. Describe the origins and major political, religious/philosophical, and cultural influences of Classical India (Maurya & Gupta):
32. Summarize the impact of the Caste system in India (impact, not specific castes).
33. Did Hinduism and Buddhism support the caste system in India? Be specific.
34. Identify the origin and diffusion of major ideas in mathematics, science, and technology that occurred in classical India:
India’s golden age featured advances in ______(earth is round), ______(modern numbers – later called Arabic numerals, zero, decimals), and medical guides and complex ______. These major ideas spread to other civilizations through______.
7