DNA, RNA, &Protein Synthesis
STRUCTURE:
•The shape of DNA is a double helixor ______
•DNA is made of nucleotide subunits that each consist of:
–______
–______
–______
•The “HANDRAILS” of the ladder are______& ______
•The “STEPS” are the______paired up.
•The order of nucleotides creates a ______
•The code is ______for every living thing
•Even ______have some differences in their codes
•DNA is like the ______in the cell “factory”.
•It is located in the nucleus or ______of the cell.
•It has specific ______for every cell in your body
•Only the “PAGES” or ______of the instructions needed by a particular cell are actually used.
•EX: THE DNA IN YOUR SKIN CELL HAS ALL OF THE INSTRUCTIONS BUT THE ONLY PART THAT IS USED IS THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING ______.
DNA REPLICATION
•WHEN NEW CELLS OR “FACTORIES” ARE NEEDED, THE DNA IS THE ______THING TO BE COPIED. IT OCCURS IN THE FOLLOWING STEPS:
•THE DNA LADDER ______
•______FLOATING IN THE NUCLEUS PAIR UP WITH THEIR COMPLIMENTS (A-T, C-G)
•THIS CONTINUES IN SEVERAL POINTS ALONG THE LADDER UNTIL ______
•THE 2 NEW LADDERS EACH CONTAIN ONE ______AND ONE ______.
RNA Transcription and Translation
RNA STRUCTURE:
•RNA HAS NUCLEOTIDE SUBUNITS
–______
–______
–______
•IT CONSISTS OF A ______STRAND (ONE SIDE OF A LADDER)
THERE ARE ______TYPES OF RNA
FUNCTIONS:
•TO CARRY A ______DIRECTION (RECIPE) TO THE RIBOSOMES (______)
•TO BRING THE AMINO ACIDS (INGREDIENTS) TO THE ______ACCORDING TO THE RECIPE (_____)
•TO BIND THE ______(INGREDIENTS) TOGETHER TO MAKE PROTEIN-OR THE CANDY IN OUR FACTORY. (_____)
RNA TRANSCRIPTION – COPYING ______TO ______
•DNA “UNZIPS”- ONLY ______
•FREE NUCLEOTIDES PAIR WITH THEIR ______
•ONLY A PORTION OF ______SIDE OF THE DNA LADDER IS COPIED
•THE MESSENGER RNA PEELS OFF THE DNA TEMPLATE AND LEAVES THE NUCLEUS TO GO TO THE ______
TRANSLATION: USING ______TO MAKE A ______
•Ribosome “reads” the recipe from the ______
•tRNA molecules bring the ______in the correct order according to the codon
–Every _____ bases codes for a particular amino acid
–Look up the codon on page 303 of textbook (or table provided) to find amino acid
–Amino acid sequence determines ______
Summary:
DNA is found in ______
mRNA is made in the ______from DNA template
mRNA carries the message to the ______
Protein is made using mRNA code like a “______” and amino acids as
“______”
Practice, Practice, Practice!!!
Translation:Using mRNA to Make a Protein
A sequence of DNA contains the code:
AAT TCC TGC
What would be the amino acid sequence?
- Transcribe the DNA:
- Look up codons on table
Arg (arginine)
Thr (threonine) /
Mutations
•Sometimes a mistake happens during replication:
•The wrong ______pairs up (______)
•An extra base is ______(______)
•A base is ______( ______)
If the mutation occurs in a portion of DNA that the cell ______, then a ______is caused.
If the mutation occurs in a portion of DNA ______by the particular cell, then ______.