SCIENCE EOG TOP 10 REVIEW BOOKLET

Ms. Messana

How Your Book Should Look!....besides FABO 

1) Decorative Cover

2) Answers for Unit 1: Chemistry

- Labeled Periodic Table of Elements (get from teacher)

3) Answers for Unit 2: Earth’s History/Evolution/Genetics

4) Answers for Unit 3: Cell Biology/Pathogens

5) Answers for Unit 4:Biotechnology/Ecology/Energy

6) Answers for Unit 5: Hydrosphere

Directions:

  • This is an extremely important review project and it will count as a formal project grade!
  • Use the “See 3 Before Me” Method…as in use your notes, the textbook, and even your peers before you tell the teacher you can’t find the answer!
  • You will complete EVERY question on the review guide! Do them in order, and number them!
  • You will work on your booklet in class & at home, so bring it back and forth!

Due Date:Estimated Day of the Science EOG…Tuesday, May 26th.. 65% FORMAL GRADE!!!

There will be SPECIFIC SECTIONS ASSIGNED per night...HOWEVER…”IF” you would like to start early 

Proposed Distribution of Questions on the EOG:

Matter: Properties and Change - 14–16%

Energy Conservation and Transfer - 10–12%

Earth Systems, Structures, and Processes - 13–15%

Earth History - 11–13%

Structure and Function of Living Organisms - 19–23%

Ecosystems - 9–11%

Evolution and Genetics - 11–13%

Molecular Biology - 8–10%

Unit 1: Chemistry: Section D in the Textbook

1) Define what an atom is. Then draw an atom and label its parts and the charge for each of those parts.

  • Proton
  • Electron
  • Neutron

2a) Describe the different classifications of matter: element, compound, & mixture. Give an example of each.

2b) Describe the difference between a heterogeneous and homogeneous mixture. Which is classified as a solution?

2c) What processes can you use to separate a heterogeneous mixture? What processes can you use to separate a homogeneous

mixture (solution)?

3) Use the Element Oxygen for the next two bullet points.

  • Draw the element box for oxygen as it appears on the Periodic Table. Label and explain what information each of the following gives you: Atomic Number, Atomic Mass, and Element Symbol
  • Now draw both the Bohr diagram AND a Lewis Dot Structure

4) Get a copy of the Periodic Table from your teacher, and then complete the following:

a)Color or label the 3 categories of elements: Metals, Metalloids, and Non-metals and create a key for the colors you use

b)Label each of the following groups at the top of the column that they are in: Alkali metals, Alkaline Metals, Transition metals, Halogens, Noble gases

c)If elements are in the same group (column) what does that tell you about them?

d)If elements are in the same period (row) what does that tell you about them?

e)Summarize the properties of metals, nonmetals & metalloids

f)Summarize the properties of the major families identified on your periodic table (4b)

5) Write a short explanation about the “cheater” way to find the # of valence electrons an element has, and what valence electrons

have to do with elements bonding?

  • Compare and contrast an ionic bond and a covalent bond

6) Remember: The Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass is the key to balancing chemical equations. It states that “matter/mass cannot be created or destroyed”…more simply stated, “what goes in, must come out.”

  • How will you know when an EOG question is testing your knowledge of this law? Make up an example of how this question might be worded. (If you cannot make one up, then look in the EOG Review Book on your desk to find one.)

7) Each element on the Periodic Table has its own unique set of properties. Copy the following chart into your notes and then fill in the blank columns.

Property / Physical or Chemical Property / Definition
Specific Heat
Density
Malleability
Solubility
Electrical Conductivity
Chemical Reactivity
Flammability
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Reactivity

8) How do you know when a chemical reaction (chemical change) has occurred? List the 5 pieces of evidence we used in class as confirmation that a chemical change had happened over a physical change.

9) Chemical reactions occur at different rates. What affect do the following have on the rate of a reaction?

  • Concentration of the reactants:
  • Temperature:
  • Surface area of solids:
  • Catalyst:
  • Inhibitor:

10) Some chemicals are natural and some are synthetic, what is the difference?

Unit 2: Earth’s History/Evolution/Genetics: Sections A & B in the Textbook

1) Draw a diagram to show the Law of Superposition that includes both layers and fossils:

  • Label the layers from youngest to oldest
  • Explain, using the fossils, both absolute & relative age

2) Draw a labeled picture of the 4 main layers of Earth:

  • Explain what caused the Earth’s interior to be separated into 4 main layers.

3) How do ice cores, tree rings & index fossils provide valuable information about the past?

4) Write 3 bullet points that state evidence that Pangaea once existed and the continents have since drifted to their present location.

5) Analyze the diagram above:

  • Identify the letter that represents each of the following features:

-Intrusion:

-Unconformity:

-Fault:

  • Explain what affect these physical features would have on interpreting the events of the Geologic Time Scale.

6) Write the following sentences in your book, but fill in the blanks:

The lithosphere is broken into many pieces of rock called ______that fit together like giant pieces of a ______. The lithosphere is really made up of the ______& solid upper portion of the ______together. The tectonic plates move because of ______circling in the liquid portion of the mantle below the lithosphere called the ______. The movement causes a lot of natural disasters such as ______or ______to occur. There are several types of plate movement. A ______boundary occurs when 2 plates move away from each other. A ______boundary occurs when 2 plates scrape past each other. A ______boundary occurs when 2 plates collide, and sometimes at these boundaries one plate can sink beneath the other which is known as ______.

7) Draw a 4-square diagram with the definition and an example for each of the 4 Principles of Natural Selection (Think about Finding Nemo or the Pringles can activity if you are having trouble)

  • Overproduction, Variation, Adaptation, Selection

8) Describe how each of the following isEvidence for Evolution:

  • Fossils, Comparative Anatomy (homologous, analogous, vestigial), embryology, genetic similarity (DNA)
  • What is the difference between phenotype and genotype? How can they both be used to determine the relationship between different organisms?

9) Re-write the following statement that describes the root cause of evolution, and then answer the 2 questions that follow:

  • Genetic variation is necessary for evolution: genes mutate causing variations individuals with the best variations of traits are selected to survive and reproduce in greater numbers species evolve
  • Question 1 from #9: Based on the statement you just wrote, expand it to include what speciation is and how it occurs.
  • Question 2 from #9: How are geologic(earth’s surface) evolution and biological(living things) evolution linked?

10) What is the science of biological classification called?

  • What are the levels of classification (in order from most general to most specific) for all living things on Earth
  • How can comparing the biological classifications of 2 organisms tell you how related they are?

Unit 4: Food & Energy/Pathogens: Section E in textbook

1)List the 5 characteristics of living things.

2)What is the difference between a unicellular and multicellular organism? What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell? Which usually goes with which, but what is the exception?

3)Complete the chart with each of the following organelles (nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplast).

Name of Organelle / Function of Organelle
nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Chloroplast

4)What characteristics define something as “living?”

5)Metabolic cellular processes can be referred to as STERNGRR – identify the process each letter represents and the cell structure/process responsible.

6)Use the gummy bear demonstration to explain osmosis, diffusion, equilibrium and concentration.

7)Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration.

8)Why do all living things depend on green plants?

9)Why are some nutrients considered food while others are not?

10)Complete the following table about the different categories of nutrients.

Type of Nutrient / Used by cells for.. / Food? (if yes, calories/g) / Types of food it is commonly found i
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fat
Vitamin
Mineral
Fiber (carbohydrate)

11)How would a poor diet affect cellular respiration?

12)What is a pathogen?

  • Copy and complete the chart on the top of the next page for the 4 types of pathogens.

Pathogen: / Characteristics: / Diseases it causes:
(at least 2 examples!) / Treatment
Fungi
Virus
Bacteria
Parasite

7) What does it mean when pathogens are referred to as contagions? What about mutagens?

8) What is the difference between a vector and a carrier?

9) What is the difference between an epidemic & pandemic?

  • Can you give an example of each from any point in history?

10) List at least 5 factors that make a place more vulnerable to a disease outbreak.

Unit 5: Biotechnology/Ecology/Energy: Section B in textbook

1) Give a definition and short example of each of the following biotechnology terms:

Biotechnology / Biotechnology Term / Example
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
Artificial Selection (Artificial Breeding)
Cloning
Genetic Testing

2) How is biotechnology used in the field of Microbiology?

3) What are some pros and cons (at least 3 of each) in the GMO debate?

Choose a specific ecosystem to focus on (example: rainforest, ocean, etc) and answer all of the following questions with that ecosystem in mind:

4) Draw anenergy pyramid for your ecosystem, and include a few examples of organisms at each level of the pyramid:

  • Label each level of the pyramid as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers.
  • Label where the most energy vs. the least energy is found based on the “Rule of 10”

5) Provide examples of the following within your ecosystem:

Biotic factor-

Abiotic factor-

Autotroph-

Heterotroph-

Population-

Niche of a specific organism-

Density-dependent limiting factor-

Density-independent limiting factor-

Predator/prey relationship-

Cooperation-

Competition-

Coexistence-

Parasitism-

Mutualism-

Example of a connection between an aquatic & terrestrial food chain-

6) How does energy move through an ecosystem vs. how matter moves through an ecosystem?

7) Draw and label the steps of the nitrogen cycle with a brief explanation of each step.

8)Draw and label the steps of the carbon cycle with a brief explanation of each step.

9) Create a T-chart that gives examples of renewable vs. non-renewable resources

10) Come up with, and explain a link as to how biotechnology, ecology and energy could all be related or useful if knowledge from each field were used together:

Unit 6: Hydrosphere: Section C in the textbook

1) Draw a pie chart to show what percentage of Earth is saltwater and what percentage of Earth is freshwater.

  • Where is MOST of the freshwater on Earth found?
  • Draw a diagram of the water cycle and include the following things labeled: precipitation, condensation, transpiration, evaporation, run-off, accumulation, percolation, groundwater, water table, aquifer, spring, well.

2) Draw and label something that is permeable and something that is impermeable.

  • Why is permeable rock necessary for an aquifer to form?

4) Create a Venn Diagram for point source pollution and non-point source pollution.

  • Give at least 2 examples of each type of water pollution within the Venn Diagram.

5) Draw the 3 life zones in the ocean and include:

  • Write or draw examples of life forms found there
  • How do upwelling and downwelling affect ocean life in these zones?
  • What is the difference between surface currents and deep currents?

6a) Copy the following sentences into your booklet and fill in the blanks:

  • An ______is when salt water from the ocean mixes with ______from a river.
  • The 3 main gases found dissolved in the ocean are ______, ______& ______.
  • Sunlight only penetrates so far through the water, so some organisms use the process of ______rather than photosynthesis to make energy.

6b) Why are estuaries important?

7) What 3 things happen the deeper you go into the ocean?

  • How do we use technology to overcome these challenges?
  • What have we gained by using technology to explore the ocean?

8) Explain the process of eutrophication – what causes it, what happens during the process & what is the outcome?

9) Describe the steps our wastewater goes through to be cleaned.

  • Wastewater treatment was established as a part of the Clean Water Act in the 1970’s. Doing our part to take care of Earth is known as ______.

10) Match the following water quality indicators with the correct definition AND copy the indicators and their definitions into your book:

_____ 1. Temperature
_____ 2. Turbidity
_____ 3. Bio-indicators
_____ 4. pH
_____ 5. Nitrates
_____ 6. Dissolved Oxygen
_____ 7. Mercury
_____ 8. Coliform / a. The amount of oxygen in the water
b. An element that can be found in the water that is toxic to humans when they eat contaminated fish
c. Tells you how acidic the water is
d. If the water is too hot or too cold, it will harm or kill the living things in the water
e. Indicates the amount of nutrients (usually from fertilizer runoff) in the water
f. The measure of how cloudy the water is due to suspended materials (usually dirt or silt)
g. These are specific animals that live in the water that can indicate if the water is healthy or not
h. Indicates the presence of bacteria from fecal matter (poop)

13)How is turbidity related to temperature and dissolved oxygen?

14) Explain why ground water has different qualities than surface water (cleanliness, hardness).

15) What is meant by the term “hard water?” What chemicals are responsible for it?