Annex: Outline of Research

Section I: Overview of tools for measuring non-fiscal costs and benefits

Tools should be organized according to impact that the tool measures. If the tool measures more than one environmental impact, or a type of environmental impact not listed below, it should be placed under General Environmental Impacts. If the tool measuresone or more social impact and no environmental impacts, itshould be placed under General Social Impacts. If the tool measures both environmental and social impacts, it should be placed under Total Impacts:

  1. Air
  2. Climate/greenhouse gas emissions
  3. Land use
  4. Biodiversity
  5. Waste
  6. Water consumption
  7. Water pollution
  8. General social impacts[1]
  9. General environmental impacts[2]
  10. Total impacts[3],[4]

For each tool, provide the following:

  1. Intended client (the tool is intended for use by which type of entity?)- government, NGO, international development agency, company
  2. Level of analysis[5]- site/project, company, country, region
  3. Projection or actual[6]
  4. Type of impact[7]
  5. Method of quantification[8]- monetary or otherwise
  6. Strengths and weaknesses of the tool[9]
  7. Developer of tool – Indicate the company, organization, academic institution or other who developed the tool, with contact information for the developer.
  8. Training available for use of tool- Some developers provide support or training in the use of their tools
  9. Use by extractive companies- Indicate whether tool is being used by any extractive company, where this information can be found. Research will be needed to gather this information. Researcher may need to contact developers of tools or review company websites or contact companies operating in NRGI priority countries.
  10. Adaptability of tool to extractive industries- Even if tool is not in use by extractive companies, it may be appropriate for use in extractive industries. For example, the tool may be used to measure the impact of local content regulations, community development obligations or may be used by governments for strategic impact assessments or by companies for environmental and social impact assessments.

Section II: State of the field

General description of uptake and spread of measurement of non-fiscal costs and benefits by companies or governments, NGOs or development agencies. Which tools are most in use or considered the “best” tools by government, civil society or company actors? What factors, political, social, economic or otherwise seem to affect uptake of these tools in countries or regions?

Section III: Other actors

The section should include a mapping of the non-governmental actors who are employing these tools in an effort to inform public debate and decision-making in the extractive industries, including the countries and areas of focus of these actors and contact person for this work within the organization. Actors should be listed here to the extent they are not already included under the overview of tools in Section I.

This section should also include multi-stakeholder or multilateral initiatives, institutions or networks that are employing these tools or promoting measurement of environmental and social impact, with a contact person for such initiative, network or institution.

Section III: Priority country impacts

General overview of the impacts most relevant in our priority countries (for example, land use) and use or applicability of tools in/to our priority countries with a focus only on impacts of extractive industries in these countries.

Section IV: Governmentpolicy application or country requirements for measurement of non-fiscal costs or benefits

The section should cover whether measurement of non-fiscal costs or benefits is being used by governments for planning or strategic impact assessments, or whether companies (extractive or otherwise) are required to measure their actual or projectednon-fiscal costs or benefits in any country. Short case studies or examples in boxes should be included.

This section should also cover whether quantification of impacts in monetary or other unit terms is required for environmental and social impact assessments for extractive companies and the approach that is most commonly being used by extractive companies in preparing their environmental and social impact assessments.

Where governments are requiring companies to project or measure impacts in quantifiable terms or are using measurement (projection or otherwise) in their strategic assessments or development planning, this section should indicate whether there have been challenges to implementation. For example, has the measurement of non-fiscal costs or benefits had any discernible impact on ultimate policy decisions? What factors seemed to affect whether the measurement had an impact on policy decisions (for example, public pressure)?

Section VI: Avenues for NRGI engagement in the field

This section should identify any gaps that exist in the field and propose possible avenues for NRGI engagement to fill gaps or add value, for examplethrough partnership and grant-making with specific organizations working in our priority countries, or international advocacy and influence through participation or membership in specified international initiatives that would be suitable for NGO participation.

This section should also indicate the kinds of skills or competencies that would be necessary to use or build upon tools in-house.

[1] Several tools or frameworks are meant to measure one or more social impacts or overall social impacts

[2] Several tools or frameworks are meant to measure several environmental impacts overall environmental impacts

[3] Some tools or frameworks are meant to measure total impacts, both environmental and social

[4] This list is non-exhaustive and subject to discussion with researcher based on environmental and social impacts most relevant to our priority countries.

[5] Some tools are meant to be used by a company to measure impacts of company activities at a national level, while some are meant to measure impacts specific to a project area or site in which the company operates. Some tools may be intended for use by a government to measure country impacts of activities carried out by several companies or actors in a particular sector or industry at a country level.

[6] Some tools are used to estimate projected impacts before a project begins while others are used to measure actual impacts of ongoing projects.

[7] The tool might measure water use or pollution or human rights impacts or poverty impacts. The tool itself will indicate the impacts it measures

[8] Some tools seeks to place a monetary value on impacts while others measure impacts in various type of units. We are only interested in tools that quantify impacts in some way.

[9] This will require analysis by the researcher. Some existing research also indicates strengths or weakness such as cost or complexity of implementation and accuracy of measurement.