Détente
The 1970’s saw a period of détente, a relaxation in tension and more friendly relations between the USA, the USSR and China. This détente had its origins in the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis had scared everyone and all sides realised that relations had to improve. Destruction in a nuclear war was in no one’s interest. The two leaders most associated with detente were Brezhnev and Nixon.
Both Superpowers wanted better relations for a number of reasons. Why? P34 will help you.
Why did the USSR desire détente? / Why did the USA desire détente?Brezhnev. Soviet President 1964-82 Nixon. US President 1968-72
Leonid Brezhnev was Soviet leader for 18 years. He was keen to improve relations between the USSR and USA although he was still determined that the USSR should be seen a global superpower and that the Communist system would be protected and strengthened. Although he was friendlier towards the West he was still determined to maintain Soviet control in Eastern Europe. In 1968 he sent in Russian tanks to crush the Czechoslovakian uprising. (see pages 18-19 in your books). This was in accordance with the Brezhnev Doctrine. In your own words explain what the Brezhnev Doctrine was and how it could affect Cold War relations.
The Brezhnev Doctrine
The Soviet leader, Leonid Brezhnev exchanging ‘fraternal socialist greetings’ with Erich Hoeneker, the communist leader of East Germany. Kissing, due to Russian influence, became a common way that communist leaders greeted each other in public showing how united all the Communist countries were. (This may in fact be the most disturbing image of the Cold War)
What events occurred in the 1960’s that indicate better relations between the USA and the USSR? Construct a mini time line.
The SALT Treaties and the Helsinki Agreement. Make notes on the details of each. How were they designed to reduce cold war tensions?
SALT 1
The Helsinki Agreement (1975)
SALT 2
Why did detente end and relations between the USA and USSR worsen following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979? Pages 36-37 will help you here.
On a separate piece of paper under the heading ‘Détente’ answer questions a, b and c on page 35. Then answer this Exam type question.
How did relations between the USSR and the USA change between 1962-79? (15)