APES Topic Pages in Withgott and Brennan

APES Topic outline correlated with Environment by Withgott and Brennan

APES Topic Pages in Withgott and Brennan

I.  Earth systems and resources (10-15%)

A.  Earth Science Concepts

1. geologic time scale

2. plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanism

3. seasons

4.  solar intensity and latitude

B.  The Atmosphere

1. composition

2. structure

3. weather and climate

4. atmospheric circulation and the Coriolis Effect

5.  atmosphere-ocean interactions

6.  ENSO

C.  Global Water resources and use

1. freshwater/saltwater

2. ocean circulation

3. agricultural, industrial, domestic use

4. surface and groundwater issues

5. global problems

6. conservation

D Soil and Soil dynamics

1.  rock cycle

2.  formation

3.  composition

4.  physical, chemical properties

5.  main soil types

6.  erosion other soil problems

7.  soil conservation

206-211

108-111; fig 23.11

207-209

502 fig 17.5

fig 17.4

498-505

498

498-499

501-504

505

fig. 18.5; 533-34

534; 536-37

chap. 15 and 16

fig. 16.5; 469-471

440-449

chapter 15

456-57; 447

450-451

Chapter 9

206-07; fig 7.15

251-252

252-254

253-54

254; fig 9.9

255-268

269; 271-272II The Living World (10-15%)

A.  Ecosystem Structure

  1. Populations/communities
  2. Niches
  3. Species interactions
  4. Keystone species
  5. Species diversity and edge effects
  6. biomes

B.  Energy flow

  1. Photosynthesis & cell respiration
  2. Food webs & trophic levels
  3. Ecological pyramids

C.  Ecosystem Diversity

  1. Biodiversity
  2. natural selection
  3. evolution
  4. ecosystem services

D.  Natural Ecosystem Change

  1. Climate shifts
  2. Species movement
  3. Ecological succession

E.  Natural biogeochemical cycles

  1. Carbon
  2. Nitrogen
  3. Phosphorus
  4. sulfur
  5. water
  6. conservation of matter

Ch 6; 156-

151

150-156

162

*

170-178

Chapter 4 (part)

p. 103-108

p. 156-159

p. 158 (no diagram)

Chapter 5

p. 122; p 141-144

p. 118-122

p. 122-129

p. 39-41; T 2.2 p41; p 48-53; p325

p. 504-505; 530-540; Ch. 18

p. 163-166

p 195-206


III Population (10-15%)

A.  Population biology concepts

  1. Population ecology
  2. carrying capacity
  3. reproductive strategies
  4. survivorship

B.  Human Population

  1. Human population dynamics
  2. Historical pop. Sizes
  3. Distribution
  4. Fertility rates
  5. Growth rates & doubling times
  6. Demographic transition
  7. Age-structure diagrams
  8. Population size
  9. Strategies for sustainability
  10. Case studies
  11. National policies
  12. Impacts of population growth
  13. Hunger
  14. Disease
  15. Economic effects
  16. Resource use
  17. Habitat destruction

IV Land and Water Use (10-15%)

A.  Agriculture

  1. Feeding a growing population
  2. Human nutritional requirements
  3. Types of agriculture
  4. Green Revolution
  5. Genetic engineering and crop production
  6. Deforestation
  7. Irrigation
  8. Sustainable agriculture

p. 131 –

p. 136-137

p. 138-139

p. 135

Chapter 8

p. 218-219; p 222 fig 8.5

p 223-224; fig 8.6; fig 8.8

p. 227-235

p.135-137; *

p. 228-229; fig8.14

p. 224-226; fig 8.10

p. 229-240

p. 217-218; 230-231; 234

p. 229-

p.278-282; p. 305

p. 404-405; *

p. 228-229; 235-236

p. 393-396; p8-9

p. 8-9; 447; 319 *

Chapter 10; chapter 9

**

p. 279-282

p. 287- 295

p. 270-272; 346 -; chapter 12

p 264-266

p. 300-305

  1. Controlling pests
  2. types of pesticides
  3. costs/benefits of pesticide use
  4. integrated pest management
  5. relevant laws

B.  Forestry

  1. tree plantations
  2. old growth forests
  3. forest fires
  4. forest management
  5. national forests

C.  Rangelands

  1. Overgrazing
  2. Deforestation
  3. Desertification
  4. Rangeland management
  5. Federal rangelands

D.  Other land use

  1. Urban land development
  2. Planned development
  3. Sprawl
  4. Urbanization
  5. Transportation infrastructure
  6. Fed. Highway system
  7. Canals and channels
  8. Roadless areas
  9. Ecosystem impacts
  10. Public and federal lands
  11. Management
  12. Wilderness areas
  13. National parks
  14. Wildlife refuges
  15. Forests
  16. Wetlands
  17. Land conservation options
  18. Preservation
  19. Remediation
  20. Mitigation
  21. Restoration
  22. Sustainable land use strategies


p. 282-

p. 282; *

p. 282-286; *

p. 285

**

Chapter 12

p. 355

p. 343-344; p348-349

358-360

346-361

354-358

268-271

349-354

259-260

267-271

*

Chapter 13

373-397

378-

388-391

*

*

*

344-346

365

364-369

346-361

435-436; 362

**

34-35;

89-93(bioremediation); 112

300-304; 361;

E.  Mining

  1. mineral formation
  2. extraction
  3. global reserves
  4. relevant laws and treaties

F.  Fishing

  1. Fishing techniques
  2. Overfishing
  3. Aquaculture
  4. Relevant laws and treaties

G.  Global economics

  1. Globalization
  2. World bank
  3. Tragedy of the commons
  4. Relevant laws and treaties

V. Energy Resources and Consumption (10-15%)

A.  Energy concepts

  1. Energy forms
  2. Power
  3. Units
  4. Conversions
  5. Laws of thermodynamics

B.  Energy consumption

  1. History
  2. Industrial revolution
  3. Exponential growth
  4. Energy crisis
  5. Present global energy use
  6. Future energy needs

C.  Fossil fuel resources and use

  1. Formation of coal, oil, natural gas
  2. Extraction/purification methods
  3. World reserves and global demand
  4. Synfuels
  5. Environmental advantages/disadvantages of sources

D.  Nuclear energy

  1. Nuclear fission process
  2. Nuclear fuel
  3. Electricity production

**

482-492

485

482

299-300

*

691-692

83

6

83-83, *

103-108

103

*

*

*

104

562-; 592

4

fig 20.2

*

563

*

Chap. 19

Chap. 20

592-593

593-595

594

APES Topic Pages in Withgott and Brennan

  1. Nuclear reactor types
  2. Environmental advantages or disadvantages
  3. Safety issues
  4. Radiation and human health
  5. Radioactive wastes
  6. Nuclear fusion

E.  Hydroelectric power

  1. Dams
  2. Flood control
  3. Salmon
  4. Silting
  5. Other impacts

F.  Energy conservation

  1. Energy efficiency
  2. CAFÉ standards
  3. Hybrid electric vehicles
  4. Mass transit

G.  Renewable energy

  1. Solar energy
  2. Solar electricity
  3. Hydrogen fuel cells
  4. Biomass
  5. Wind
  6. Small-scale hydroelectric
  7. Ocean waves and tidal energy
  8. Geothermal
  9. Environmental advantages or disadvantages

VI Pollution (25-30%)

A.  Pollution types

a. Air pollution

1.  sources-primary & secondary

2.  major air pollutants

3.  measurement units

4.  smog

5.  acid deposition-causes and effects

6.  heat islands and temperature inversions

7.  indoor air pollution

8.  remediation and reduction strategies

9.  Clean Air Act & other laws


594

596-607

597

604-605; 597-600

600-602

595

612-615

446-449

444-445

*

*

582-585

*

*

583

389-391

Chapter 21

623-627

625

637-642

607-612

627-633

*

635-637

633-635

Ch. 21

505-525

505-506

507-508

509-511

514-518

*, 503

519-525

*,512

506-509

b.  Noise pollution

1.  sources

2.  effects

3.  control measures

c.  Water pollution

1.  Types

2.  sources, causes, effects

3.  cultural eutrophication

4.  groundwater pollution

5.  maintaining water quality

6.  water purification

7.  sewage treatment/septic systems

8.  Clean Water Act & other laws

d.  Solid Waste

1.  Types

2.  disposal

3.  reduction

B. Impacts on the Environment and Human Health

a.  Hazards to human health

  1. Environmental risk analysis
  2. Acute and chronic effects
  3. Dose-response relationships
  4. Air pollutants
  5. Smoking and other risks

b.  Hazardous chemicals in the environment

  1. types of hazardous waste
  2. treatment/disposal of hazardous waste
  3. cleanup of contaminated sites
  4. biomagnification
  5. relevant laws

C. Economic Impacts

  1. cost-benefit analysis
  2. externalities
  3. marginal costs
  4. sustainability

**

451-462

452-454

fig 15.18 p 452

453; 188-189

454-456

*

457-458

458-461

455-456; 78

Ch. 22

p. 648

Ch. 14

p. 422-424

p. 421

p. 420

p. 415

p. 522-524

p. 403, p. 664-671

p. 664-669

p. 667

p. 670, *

p. 416

p. 426

p. 660-662

p. 42

p. 43

p. 42

p. 19-22; p. 682-685


VII Global Change (10-15%)

A. Stratospheric Ozone

1. Formation

2. ultraviolet radiation

3. causes of ozone depletion

4.  effects of oz depletion

5.  strategies for reducing oz dep

6.  relevant laws and treaties

B.  Global Warming

1.  Greenhouse gases/effect

2.  impacts/consequences of GW

3.  reducing climate change

4.  relevant laws and treaties

C.  Loss of Biodiversity

1.  Habitat loss

2.  overuse

3.  pollution

4.  introduced species

5.  endangered/extinct species

6.  Maintenance through conservation

7.  relevant laws and treaties

511-513

**

511

511-513; fig 17.15

513

513-514

513-514

Chapter 18

531-532; fig 18.1; table 18.1

541-45; table 18.3; figs 18.12,13

548-552

550

chapter 11

319

323

322

319-322

316-318

324-338

331-335

APES Topic Pages in Withgott and Brennan

APES Topic Pages in Withgott and Brennan

Useful web sites

http://www.enviroliteracy.org/article.php/1492.html

This is the APES course outline, with hyperlinks for most topics