Online Resource 1:List of ICD morphology codes for included participants, their description, and their associated tumour type and sub-type.

ICD Code / Description / Tumour type / Tumour Sub-type
8640 / Sertoli cell carcinoma / Non-germ / Sertoli
8650 / Leydig cell tumour, malignant / Non-germ / Leydig
9060 / Dysgerminoma / Germ / Seminoma
9061 / Seminoma, not otherwise specified / Germ / Seminoma
9062 / Seminoma, anaplastic / Germ / Seminoma
9063 / Spermatocytic seminoma / Germ / Seminoma
9064 / Germinoma / Germ / Seminoma
8240 / Carcinoid tumour, not otherwise specified / Germ / Non-seminoma
9065 / Germ cell tumour, nonseminomatous / Germ / Non-seminoma
9070 / Embryonal carcinoma, not otherwise specified / Germ / Non-seminoma
9071 / Endodermal sinus tumour / Germ / Non-seminoma
9080 / Teratoma, malignant, not otherwise specified / Germ / Non-seminoma
9081 / Teratocarcinoma / Germ / Non-seminoma
9082 / Malignant teratoma, undifferentiated / Germ / Non-seminoma
9085 / Mixed germ cell tumour / Germ / Non-seminoma
9100 / Choriocarcinoma, not otherwise specified / Germ / Non-seminoma
9101 / Choriocarcinoma combined with other germ cell elements / Germ / Non-seminoma
9102 / Malignant teratoma, trophoblastic / Germ / Non-seminoma

Online Resource 2: Tumour characteristics, including stage of disease, tumour type and tumour sub-type, by ethnic group (all ages).

Euro/Other / Māori / Pacific / Asian
Total cohort / Crude / Age Std / Crude / Age Std / Crude / Age Std / Crude / Age Std
n / % / n / % / % / n / % / % / n / % / % / n / % / %
Cohort / 1800 / - / 1351 / 368 / 56 / 43
Stage (SEER)
Local / 1366 / 76% / 1051 / 78% / 78% / 258 / 70% / 71% / 36 / 64% / 63% / 33 / 77% / 75%
Regional / 201 / 11% / 149 / 11% / 11% / 45 / 12% / 13% / 6 / 11% / 9% / 6 / 14% / 17%
Distant / 187 / 10% / 123 / 9% / 9% / 51 / 14% / 13% / 11 / 20% / 21% / 2 / 5% / 5%
Unknown / 46 / 3% / 28 / 2% / 2% / 14 / 4% / 4% / 3 / 5% / 7% / 2 / 5% / 3%
p-value1 / - / 0.02 / 0.02 / 0.26
Tumour Type
Non-Germ Cell / 8 / 0% / 8 / 1% / 1% / 0 / 0% / - / 0 / 0% / - / 0 / 0% / -
Germ Cell / 1792 / 100% / 1343 / 99% / 99% / 368 / 100% / 100% / 56 / 100% / 100% / 43 / 100% / 100%
Non-Seminoma / 650 / 36% / 467 / 35% / 37% / 143 / 39% / 31% / 29 / 52% / 48% / 19 / 44% / 29%
Seminoma / 1142 / 64% / 876 / 65% / 63% / 225 / 61% / 69% / 27 / 48% / 52% / 24 / 56% / 71%
p-value1 / - / 0.06 / 0.08 / 0.64

1 Cochrane-Mantel-Haenszel test stratified by age group, with Euro/Other as referent.

Online Resource 3:Incidence of testicular cancer and tumour sub-type between 2000 and 2011, with respect to the 2006 New Zealand Census, by ethnic group (all ages).

Euro/Other / Māori / Pacific / Asian
Total Male Population1 / 1,496,775 / 274,851 / 131,004 / 169,374
TC Cases (n) / 1351 / 368 / 56 / 43
Incidence rate (n/100,000/yr)2 / 12.5 / 21.3 / 7.1 / 2.9
TC Relative Risk (RR)
Crude RR (95% CI) / Ref / 1.48 (1.32-1.66) / 0.47 (0.36-0.62) / 0.28 (0.21-0.38)
Adj. RR (95% CI)3 / Ref / 1.7 (1.49-1.93) / 0.57 (0.42-0.76) / 0.23 (0.16-0.32)
Sub-Type Relative Risk4
Seminoma (n) / 876 / 225 / 27 / 24
Crude RR (95% CI) / Ref / 1.4 (1.21-1.62) / 0.35 (0.24-0.52) / 0.24 (0.16-0.36)
Adj. RR (95% CI)3 / Ref / 1.77 (1.52-2.07) / 0.48 (0.32-0.71) / 0.24 (0.16-0.37)
Non-seminoma (n) / 467 / 143 / 29 / 19
Crude RR (95% CI) / Ref / 1.67 (1.38-2.01) / 0.71 (0.49-1.03) / 0.36 (0.23-0.57)
Adj. RR (95% CI)3 / Ref / 1.57 (1.25-1.97) / 0.74 (0.48-1.15) / 0.2 (0.11-0.37)

RR = Relative Risk. 1 Total male population drawn the 2006 New Zealand Census. 2 Age-standardised incidence rate. 3 Age-standardised relative risk. 4 Limited to germ cell tumours.

Online Resource 4:Number of deaths (all-cause and cancer-specific) and hazard ratios comparing risk of mortality between Māori and European/Other (all ages).

Euro/Other / Māori
Cohort (n) / 1351 / 368
Deaths (n)1
All-Cause / 60 / 29
Cancer-Specific / 31 / 20
Hazard Ratios (HRs)
All-Cause
Crude / Ref / 1.87 (1.2-2.91)
+ Age / Ref / 2.62 (1.62-4.22)
+ Stage / Ref / 2.42 (1.48-3.95)
+ Deprivation and Rurality / Ref / 2.28 (1.34-3.86)
Cancer-Specific
Crude / Ref / 2.44 (1.39-4.29)
+ Age / Ref / 2.6 (1.44-4.69)
+ Stage / Ref / 2.25 (1.23-4.1)
+ Deprivation and Rurality / Ref / 2.17 (1.12-4.19)

1 Deaths that occurred over follow-up period (2000-2011).Pacific and Asian patients not included in Cox regression analysis due to a low number of deaths (5 and 1 all-cause deaths, respectively).

Online Resource 5: Crude Kaplan-Meier curve, comparing 10-year cancer-specific survival between Māori and European/Other ethnic groups (all ages).