Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function

Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function

Section 7-1: Life is Cellular

The observations and conclusions of many scientists helped to develop the current understanding of the cell

Robert Hooke (1665)

n  ______

______

n  ______

______

Rudolph Virchow (1855)

n  ______

n  What question does this finding leave unanswered? ______

THE CELL THEORY

1.  ______

2.  ______

3.  ______

How small are cells?

How much is a micrometer?

n  ______

Typical cell size = 5 to 50 ______in diameter

n  In a dice that is 1 cm3

n  We could fit ______cells

Two categories of cells

1. Prokaryotic Cells

pro = ______; karyon = ______

•  contain cell membranes and cytoplasm but no ______

•  ______

Ex: ______

2. Eukaryotic Cells

eu = ______; karyon = ______

contain a ______that have specific functions

Ex: : ______

Complete the Venn Diagram showing similarities and differences between the two types of cells

7-2 Cell Structures

n  Organelle – a specialized structure that performs a specific function inside a cell

Cytoplasm

n  Found – between the nucleus and cell membrane

n  Structure – ______

n  Function – ______

The Nucleus

n  Nuclear Envelope

n  Found ______

n  Structure: ______

n  Function: ______

n  Nucleus

n  Found: ______

n  Structure: ______

n  Function: Contains the cell’s DNA, the instructions for making protein and directing cell activities

Cytoskeleton

Found: ______

Structure: ______

______

n  Microtubules (25 nm)

n  Microfilaments (7nm)

Function: ______

______

n  Involved in several types of movement

VACUOLE

·  Found: In the cytoplasm

·  Structure: Saclike

______

______

·  Function:______

______

VESICLES

·  Found: In the cytoplasm

·  Structure: membrane bounded sac

·  Function:______

______

LYSOSOMES

·  Found: In the cytoplasm

·  Structure: ______

______

·  Function: Breakdown large organic molecules,

and old nonfunctioning organelles

RIBOSOMES

·  Found: In the cytoplasm

·  Structure: Small and grain-like, made of

large and small subunits

·  Function: ______

______

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

·  Found: just outside the nucleus

·  Structure: ______

______

·  Function: (ribosomes imbedded in

membrane) produces and transports

proteins.

GOLGI APPARATUS

·  Found: In the cytoplasm

·  Structure: ______

______

·  Function: to modify, sort and package materials

from the ER for storage or to be transported

outside the cell.

CHLOROPLAST

·  Found: In the cytoplasm of plant cells

·  Structure: Stack of membranes that

contain photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll)

·  Function: ______

______

______

MITOCHONDRIA

·  Found: In the cytoplasm

·  Structure: ______

______

·  Function: ______

______

CELL WALL

·  Found: Located outside the cell membrane

·  Structure: Fibers of carbohydrate, cellulose

in plant cells

·  Function: ______

______

CELL MEMBRANE

·  Found: Located around the perimeter of

the cell

·  Structure: ______

______

·  Function: Regulates what leaves and enters

the cell and provides protection and support

CENTRIOLES

·  Found: Within the cytoplasm, only in

animal cells

·  Structure:______

______

·  Function: Help organize the cell during cell

during division.

Complete the Venn Diagram showing similarities and differences between the two types of cells