Name:______
Meiosis and Genetics review
Meiosis
1. What type of cell undergoes meiosis? Gamete cells or Somatic cells
2. Define homologous chromosomes.
3. For each of the following state if the cell is haploid or diploid.
Sperm cell = Liver cell = Egg cell = Stomach cell =
4. If the diploid number in a liver cell of an organism is 52, how many chromosomes are there in the egg of this organism?
5. During meiosis, the chromosome number:
a) is doubled b) is reduced c) remains the same d) becomes diploid
6. Cells starting mitosis & meiosis begin with a ( haploid or diploid ) set of chromosomes.
7. How many times do cells divide during meiosis?
8. Draw a tetrad and show crossing over. During what process and in which phase do you first see this in?
9. How many cells form at the end of human meiosis and how many chromosomes do they each contain?
10. A sperm cell is a (gamete or zygote), and is (haploid or diploid).
11. Which of the following best describe the term “crossing over”?
a.) An exchange of information between two homologous chromosomes
b.) A molecular interaction between two sister chromatids
c.) A molecular interaction between two non-sister chromatids
d.) A separation of two sister chromatids
12. Which letter in Figure 1 represents meiosis? Why?
13. Which letter in Figure 1 represents mitosis? Why?
14. Which letter in Figure 1 represents fertilization? Why?
16. What is the ultimate goal/purpose of mitosis?
17. What is the difference between a chromosome, sister chromatids, and homologous chromosomes? You may draw a picture as your answer.
Chromosome-
Sister chromatids-
Homologous Chromosomes-
18. How are DNA and chromosomes related?
19. What is the difference between a haploid, diploid, and zygote?
Haploid -
Diploid -
Zygote -
20. Give 3 examples how meiosis differ from mitosis.
1.
2.
3.
Genetics
21. Who is considered the father of genetics?
22. Describe these three principles.
· Principle of Dominance:
· Principle of Segregation:
23. Principle of Independent Assortment:
24. What are alternate forms of a gene called?
25. Why is a Punnett Square useful?
26. What is genotype?
27. What is phenotype?
28. What is a trait?
29. Why might a recessive allele not be expressed (not show up)?
30. Two parents with the genotype Ss for a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele are crossed. What would the genotype for the genetic disorder be? Show the Punnett square and give the phenotypic ratio.
Genotype for genetic disorder:
Phenotypic Ratio:
31. Show the cross for a genetic disorder caused by a dominant allele between two heterozygous parents. Will any of their children inherit this disorder?
______% of children with inherit disorder
32. Using letter R, create the following.
Homozygous dominant: ______
Homozygous recessive: ______
Heterozygous:______
33. In order to show the phenotype of a disorder caused by a recessive allele, what must the genotype be?
34. What is co-dominance?
35. How does the phenotype appear when co-dominant alleles are present?
36. What is incomplete dominance?
37. How does the phenotype appear when incompletely dominant alleles are present?
38. What are sex-linked traits?
39. What is a polygenic trait?
40. What must a female’s genotype be if she shows the phenotype for a sex-linked trait?
Complete Punnett Square Problems
40. Monohybrid (Co-dominant)
PROBLEM: Cross two heterozygous tan cows. Give genotypic and phenotypic ratios. BB=Black, BW=tan, and WW=white
41. Monohybrid (sex-linked)
PROBLEM: Cross a female carrier for hemophilia with a male with hemophilia. H=normal, and h=hemophilia
42. Monohybrid (Multiple Alleles)
PROBLEM: Cross a person with type AB blood with a person who is heterozygous for type A blood.
43. Alice has type A blood and her husband Mark has type B blood. Their first child, Amanda, has type O blood. Their second child, Alex, has type AB blood.
What is Alice’s genotype? ______
What is Mark’s genotype? ______
Show how you found the answer by completing a Punnett square(s)
44. Colorblindness is inherited as a sex-linked recessive disease. An affected male marries a heterozygous female. Draw a Punnett square of the possible offspring. A) What is the chance that they will have an affected child? B) Could any of their daughters be affected?
Trait: Falconi anemia
Forms of the trait:
ñ The dominant form is normal bone marrow function - in other words, no anemia.
ñ The recessive form is Falconi anemia. Individuals affected show slow growth, heart defects, possible bone marrow failure and a high rate of leukemia.
A typical pedigree for a family that carries Falconi anemia. Note that carriers are not indicated with half-colored shapes in this chart.
To answer questions #1-5, use the letter "f" to indicate the recessive Falconi anemia allele, and the letter "F" for the normal allele.
45. What is Arlene's genotype?
46. What is George's genotype?
47. What are Ann & Michael's genotypes?
48. Most likely, Sandra's genotype is
49. List three people from the chart (other than George) who are most likely carriers of Falconi anemia.
______