UNIVERSITY
OF SOUTHERN
CALIFORNIA
CE 463L
Water Chemistry and Analysis
Lecture Notes & Laboratory Handouts
Supervising Faculty: Professor Mike Pirbazari
Lecturer: Warner Song
Teaching Assistant: Ngo Chan
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Southern California
Spring 2008
CE 463L
WATER CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS
Spring 2008
Supervising Faculty: Professor Mike Pirbazari
Office: KAP 260; Phone: 213-740-0592
Lecturer: Warner (Wonho) Song, Ph.D., P.E.
Office Hours: To be arranged and also by appointment
(626) 667-5308 (work)
Class Hours: Lecture: 6:30 - 8:40 p.m. Monday, KAP 165
Laboratory sessions: Monday 2:00 pm – 4:00 pm, PCE 308
Tuesday 2:00 pm – 4:00 pm, PCE 308
Thursday 1:30 pm – 3:30 pm, PCE 308
Teaching Assistant: Ngo Chan
Office: BHE 213J
Phone: (213) 740-0593 (Office)
Office Hours: To be arranged. (in the TA Room KAP 214; 740-0573)
E-mail:
Review & Discussion:
Schedule and classroom to be arranged
Grading Criteria: Midterm Exam 20%
Final Exam 30%
Quizzes 10%
Homework 10%
Lab Report 30%
Schedules for Exams and Quizzes:
Quiz 1 March 3, 2008
Midterm March 24, 2008
Quiz 2 April 14, 2008
Final May 12, 2008
CE 463L
WATER CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS
Spring 2008
Textbooks:
Snoeyink, V.L. and Jenkins, D.W. Water Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1980.
Jenkins, D.W., Snoeyink, V.L., Ferguson, J.H., and Leckie, J.O. Water Chemistry: Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1980.
Class Notes for CE 463L: Water Chemistry and Analysis, Lectures and Laboratory Experiments; adapted by Professor Mike Pirbazari, Spring 2008.
References:
Sawyer, C.N. and McCarty, P.L. Chemistry for Environmental Engineering, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st edition, APHA, AWWA and WPCF, Washington, D.C., 2005.
CE 463L
WATER CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS
Spring 2008
COURSE SYLLABUS
I. Introduction to Water Chemistry
General Properties of Water
Composition of Different Waters
Methods of Expressing Concentrations
II. Chemical Equilibrium
Thermodynamic Basis of Chemical Equilibrium
Enthalpy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium Constant
Non-ideal Behavior of Ions and Molecules in Solution
III. Chemical Kinetics
Reaction Mechanism
Reaction Rate Laws
Temperature Effect on Reaction Rates
Catalysis
Empirical Rate Laws
IV. Acid-Base Chemistry
Equilibrium Calculations ¾ General Approaches
Mass Balance, Charge Balance, and Proton Condition
Equilibrium Relationships
Graphical Techniques for Equilibrium Calculations
Effects of Temperature and Ionic Strength on Equilibria
Mixtures of Acids and Base Calculations for pH Determination
pH Buffers and Buffer Intensity
Carbonate System and Its Equilibria
Alkalinity and Acidity
Theory of Acid-Base Titration
V. Precipitation and Dissolution
Precipitation and Dissolution Kinetics
Equilibria of Dissolution
Solubility Product Concept
Temperature Effect on Solubility
Common Ion Effect
Complexation and Solubility
Solubility of Salts
Solubility Phase Diagrams and Their Applications
Ferrous and Ferric Carbonates and Hydroxides
Theoretical Aspects of Precipitation
VI. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
Redox Stoichiometry and Equilibria
Free Energy and Potential Half Reactions
Electrode Potential and the Nernst Equation
Electron Activity Concept
Equilibrium Calculations
Graphical Representation of Redox Equilibria
Applications of pe-pC and pe-pH Diagrams
Theories of Corrosion
Application of the Galvanic Cell Concept
Corrosion Control
Iron Chemistry and Acid Mine Drainage
Biologically Important Redox Reactions
CE 463L
WATER CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS
Spring 2008
LABORATORY SCHEDULE
Session / Date / Exp. # / Experimental Work1 / 1/14 / Laboratory safety and techniques
2 / 1/22 / 1 / Determination of turbidity and coagulant dose (Jar Test)
3 / 1/29 / 2 / Gravimetric methods for solid analysis
4 / 2/5 / 3 / Colorimetric analysis of phosphate (no report necessary)
5 / 2/12 / 4 / Determination of hardness, calcium and magnesium
6 / 2/19 / 5 / Determination of aqueous chlorine forms
7 / 2/26 / 6 / Microorganisms observation (no report necessary)
8 / 3/4 / 7 / Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
9 / 3/11 / Midterm (no lab)
10 / 3/18 / Spring Recess (no class)
11 / 3/25 / 8 / Chemical oxygen demand (COD)
12 / 4/1 / 9 / Total organic carbon analysis (TOC) (no report)
13 / 4/8 / 10 / Acid-base titration curves and acid-base indicators
14 / 4/15 / 11 / Alkalinity and the carbonate system
15 / 4/22 / 12 / Determination of chloride by the argentometric method
and determination of sulfate by turbidimetric method
16 / 4/29 / 13 / Determination of chloride, sulfate, and nitrate
by Ion Chromatography (no report)
17 / 5/12 /
Final Exam
CE 463L
WATER CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS
Spring 2008
LABORATORY REPORT INSTRUCTIONS
Your laboratory data/reports should be taken/presented in 8 ½ " x 11" sheets stapled at the left-hand upper corner. All data and experimental write-ups should be in ink (or preferably word processed). The write-up for each week should be completed prior to conducting the experiment for the following week, and will be collected at the beginning of the laboratory session.
You must confirm to the following format:
1. The first page of your laboratory report should contain:
CE 463L
Spring 2008
WATER CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS
LABORATORY REPORT
EXPERIMENT # ...
Experiment title
GROUP # ...
YOUR NAME
DATE
2. Starting from the second page, the write-up must include the following sections:
PURPOSE:
DATA:
CALCULATIONS:
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS: (1-3 pages)
SUMMARY: (0.5 - 1 page)
QUESTIONS:
3. Late laboratory reports will be penalized at 5 points per day. Also, No late reports will be accepted two weeks after the due day.
4. All reports must be re-submitted at the end of the semester for final grading. You could bind the reports together or submit them in a three-ring folder. It is advisable (for aesthetic purpose) to use the same type of paper and the same type of format in all reports.
CE 463L
WATER CHEMISTRY AND ANALYSIS
Spring 2008
LABORATORY INSTRUCTIONS AND SAFETY
1. You will be issued a laboratory coat and a pair of safety glasses (goggles) during the first laboratory session. (2nd week of classes)
2. Your lab grade will depend upon the evaluation of your participation, cooperation, and observance of laboratory rules.
SAFETY IN THE LABORATORY
1. Eating, drinking, smoking, and the use of cosmetics are forbidden in the laboratory.
2. No unnecessary materials are to be brought into the laboratory that has the potential of being contaminated.
3. Goggles or eyeglasses must be worn at all times in the laboratory. Even if you are careful not to splash chemicals into your eyes, someone close to you may accidentally do so.
4. A laboratory coat or apron must be worn at all times, to protect your skin and clothing from chemicals.
5. Suitable clothing and shoes must be worn. Shorts or bare feet leave large areas of skin exposed to potential chemical burns. The footwear worn should cover the feet completely; no open-toe shoes are allowed.
6. Restrain from using loose clothing (e.g. sleeves, full cut blouses, neckties, etc.), or styling long hair, and wearing dangling jewelry.
7. Proper precautionary measures must be observed to avoid cutting yourself. Discard cracked or chipped glassware properly.
8. Some work may need to be performed in the hood. If so, never lean into the fumehood.
9. No substances can be returned to the reagent bottles; this will contaminate the contents.
10. Nothing can be inserted (e.g. pipette, spatula, etc.) into reagent bottles; such a practice will contaminate their contents. Always pour reagent out of the bottle to the measuring apparatus.
11. Toxic and hazardous chemicals are not allowed to be disposed into the drain. Your instructor will ask you to place these waste chemicals in special waste jars.
12. If the chemicals are allowed to be wasted into the drain, pour them down the sink with plenty of running water.
13. Chemicals must not be mixed in the sink drain as violent reaction may result.
14. Always, pour concentrated acid into water (not water into acid), to avoid acid splash and possible burns.
15. All injuries that occurs in the laboratory must be reported (no matter how minor they might seem) to your laboratory instructor.
16. Never attempt an unauthorized experiment.
17. Pipetting by mouth suction is forbidden. Always use the pipette filling bulb or pipette pump.
18. Never place reactive chemicals (in bottles, beakers, flasks, etc.) near the edges of a laboratory bench.
19. If spills occur, inform your laboratory instructor immediately. It is your responsibility to clean up the spill; however, your laboratory supervisor will instruct you how to do it correctly.
20. In order to avoid spills, perform all laboratory operations on easily cleanable trays covered with disposable, absorbent paper.
21. When you are in doubt, ask your instructor!
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