Unit 3. Lesson 1-3 Test Study Guide DON't FORGET to STUDY ROOT WORDS 2 & 3

Unit 3. Lesson 1-3 Test Study Guide --- DON'T FORGET TO STUDY ROOT WORDS 2 & 3

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. What is the law of conservation of energy?

A. / Energy exists in these forms: mechanical, chemical, thermal, electromagnetic, and nuclear.
B. / Energy is always transferred from the system with the most energy to that with the least.
C. / In an isolated system, matter cannot be created or destroyed.
D. / Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms.

____ 2. A spring toy is moving down steps, as shown in the picture.

What happens to the energy of the toy?

A. / The toy loses energy to the steps.
B. / The toy gains energy as it moves.
C. / The amount and type of energy of the toy stays the same.
D. / The amount of energy the toy has stays the same, but it changes form.

____ 3. What energy transformations take place when a hair dryer is used?

A. / Energy from the sun is transformed to chemical energy.
B. / Electrical energy from the circuit is transformed to electromagnetic energy.
C. / Electrical energy from the circuit is transformed to thermal energy and sound energy.
D. / Electromagnetic energy from the circuit is transformed to thermal energy and sound energy.

____ 4. What is the most common explanation for the apparent loss of energy during an energy conversion?

A. / unmeasured forms of energy such as heat or sound
B. / inaccurate measurements of the energy transferred
C. / unnoticed extra energy sources at the beginning of the conversion
D. / electromagnetic energy that is outside of the visible spectrum

____ 5. Four workers at a factory are pushing boxes up ramps. As the workers push the boxes, some energy is transformed to heat due to friction. As a result, the output energy of the workers is less than the input energy. The table shows the input and output energies of each worker.

Worker / Input Energy
(J) / Output Energy
(J)
Richard / 340 / 270
Molly / 310 / 280
Denzel / 280 / 230
Janice / 350 / 290

Which worker has the greatest efficiency?

A. / Richard
B. / Molly
C. / Denzel
D. / Janice

____ 6. A student discovers that the battery in his calculator is no longer working. Which of the following is true?

A. / The energy from the battery has all been transferred within the system or to another system.
B. / The different types of energy in the battery were destroyed over time.
C. / The battery needs to be moved by a force over a distance in order to have more energy.
D. / The battery must create more energy before it can be used in the calculator.

____ 7. The amount of light energy put out by an incandescent light bulb is under 10% of the electrical energy the bulb uses. What happens to the remaining 90% of the electrical energy used by the bulb?

A. / The electrical energy is redirected to other electrical appliances in the circuit.
B. / The electrical energy is transformed into thermal energy, so the bulb becomes hot.
C. / The electrical energy is destroyed when it is unused by the bulb.
D. / The electrical energy is captured and 90 J are saved for each bulb.

____ 8. Which happens when energy is transferred from one system to another?

A. / New energy is created.
B. / Some energy is destroyed.
C. / The energy changes forms.
D. / The energy changes into mass.

____ 9. When a space shuttle takes off, the chemical reactions of the fuel give the shuttle the kinetic energy to leave Earth’s atmosphere, as shown in the figure below.

The kinetic energy of the space shuttle is less than the potential energy of the fuel used. Which statement BEST explains this?

A. / The potential energy is used to overcome Earth’s gravity.
B. / The potential energy is destroyed by the warmth of the reaction.
C. / The potential energy must be consumed to make the fuel burn.
D. / The potential energy is also converted to light, thermal energy, and sound energy.

____ 10. An ice cube is placed in a glass of warm tea. Later, the ice has melted, and the tea is cooler. What is TRUE about the system now?

A. / Thermal energy has been transferred from the ice cube to the warm tea.
B. / Thermal energy has been transferred from the tea to the surrounding air and glass.
C. / Chemical potential energy of the ice cube has been transferred to the warm tea.
D. / Chemical potential energy of the warm tea has been transferred to the surrounding air and glass.

____ 11. When you stand near a campfire, your face and hands feel warm. By which process does most energy reach you from a campfire?

A. / conduction
B. / convection
C. / insulation
D. / radiation

____ 12. As Warren holds a pan over a fire, the water begins to boil, as shown in the figure below. The metal handle of the pan becomes very hot, causing an uncomfortable sensation in Warren’s hand.

What process, indicated by the letter Y, was responsible for transferring energy to Warren’s hand?

A. / conduction
B. / convection
C. / insulation
D. / radiation

____ 13. The air in a room is warmer near the ceiling than near the floor. The warm air rises through which process?

A. / conduction
B. / convection
C. / insulation
D. / radiation

____ 14. Which of these choices best describes the thermal energy of a substance?

A. / the sum of the kinetic energy of all of the particles of a substance
B. / the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance
C. / the total kinetic and potential energies of the particles of a substance
D. / the difference between the kinetic energy and potential energy of a substance

____ 15. Which of these processes is the result of the motion of particles in a gas or liquid?

A. / conduction
B. / convection
C. / insulation
D. / radiation

____ 16. As Wilma holds a pan over a fire, the water begins to boil, as shown in the figure below.

Which process is indicated by the letter X?

A. / conduction
B. / convection
C. / insulation
D. / radiation

____ 17. Which example illustrates the transfer of energy through radiation?

A. / feeling warmth when you sit in a sunny place
B. / feeling warm air while standing in front of the blower from a heating system
C. / feeling the warmth of the bricks around a fireplace when you touch them with your hand
D. / feeling warmth on the soles of your feet when you walk along a beach on a sunny day

____ 18. Willa holds a pan over a campfire, as shown in the figure below. She feels warmth from the fire.

Most of the warmth Willa feels comes from the process represented by letter Z. What is this process ?

A. / conduction
B. / convection
C. / insulation
D. / radiation

____ 19. This diagram shows a metal spoon is in a bowl of warm mashed potatoes.

What BEST describes the transfer of energy as heat that is happening in this diagram?

A. / Energy moves by radiation from the spoon to the potatoes.
B. / Energy moves by radiation from the potatoes to the spoon.
C. / Energy moves by conduction from the spoon to the potatoes.
D. / Energy moves by conduction from the potatoes to the spoon.

____ 20. A baseball player used energy to hit a ball out of the park. What is true about what took place?

A. / The ball lost energy when it was struck by the bat.
B. / Work was done on the ball through the transfer of energy.
C. / Force was applied in a different direction than motion.
D. / No power was used because the action happened so quickly.

____ 21. A lightbulb uses 2,000 J of energy in 1 min and 20 s. What is the power of the lightbulb?

A. / 25 W
B. / 50 W
C. / 60 W
D. / 100 W

____ 22. The table shows different forces and distances that employees in a factory used to lift boxes.

Employee / Force
(N) / Distance
(m)
Ayanna / 24 / 1.5
Cassie / 18 / 2.5
Rafael / 25 / 1.0
Michael / 16 / 2.0

Which employee did the most work while lifting boxes?

A. / Ayanna
B. / Rafael
C. / Cassie
D. / Michael

____ 23. Which of the following processes is not an example of energy being used to do work?

A. / Wind passes through a windmill, turning the blades and producing electricity.
B. / A golfer swings his club and drives his ball down the fairway.
C. / Water passes through a pipe and turns the blades on a turbine, producing electricity.
D. / An athlete uses the energy stored in his muscles as he attempts a bench press, but the barbell does not move.

____ 24. A girl uses 60 J of energy to move a box from the floor to a shelf. How much power does she use if it takes her 3 s to move the box?

A. / 15 W
B. / 20 W
C. / 90 W
D. / 180 W

____ 25. A spaceship is traveling from Earth to Mars. What gives the spaceship the ability to do work?

A. / the kinetic energy of the spaceship
B. / the type of material used to make the spaceship
C. / the aerodynamic shape of the spaceship
D. / the massive size of the spaceship

____ 26. A person walking up a flight of steps changes 1,350 J of energy from one form to another. How much power does the person use if it takes 5 s to walk up the steps?

A. / 54 W
B. / 270 W
C. / 6,750 W
D. / 33,750 W

____ 27. Which of the following best defines energy?

A. / the ability to do work
B. / the resistance to motion
C. / how fast an object moves
D. / amount of force in a given time

____ 28. Why does placing a battery in an electrical circuit give the circuit the ability to do work?

A. / The battery prevents heat buildup.
B. / The battery provides chemical energy.
C. / The battery provides electrical resistance.
D. / The battery prevents the flow of electrons.

____ 29. How far can a 120-N force move an object using 240 J of energy to do the work?

A. / 0.5 m
B. / 2 N·m
C. / 2 m
D. / 10 m

____ 30. Which of the following is an example of energy being used to do work?

A. / A boy holds a fishing pole over the water.
B. / A girl climbs a ladder holding a paint can.
C. / A woman sits on the edge of a bench.
D. / A soccer ball rests at the top of a hill.

____ 31. Which is an explanation of power?

A. / the time it takes for energy to be transferred from one object to another
B. / the rate at which energy is transformed from one form to another
C. / one joule of energy transferred in one second
D. / work divided by time

____ 32. Lifting a box requires 240 J of work. How much power is needed if someone lifts the box in 2 seconds?

A. / 120 W
B. / 480 W
C. / 1200 W
D. / 238 W

____ 33. A group of wind turbines operates in an open field. Which statement about the wind turbines is TRUE?

A. / The wind turbines cannot do work because they are fixed in one spot.
B. / The wind turbines do work generating electricity by harnessing wind energy.
C. / The wind turbines produce movement of air that does work.
D. / The wind turbines do work by using electricity to produce power.

____ 34. The table lists the amount of energy that was used to do work as some students to do tasks in different amounts of time.

Task / Energy (joules) / Time (seconds)
Gina / 300 / 1.5
Jamal / 320 / 2.0
Karen / 180 / 4.0
Richard / 540 / 3.0

Which student did a task that required the MOST power?

A. / Gina
B. / Jamal
C. / Karen
D. / Richard

Essay

1. Energy can be used to do work using many processes. Complete the chart by identifying the energy conversion or conversions that take place for each example given. The first example is done for you.

Example / Energy conversion(s)
You get energy when you eat and digest food. / Chemical energy from food is converted to mechanical energy you can use to do work.
Energy from a battery runs a CD player.
Energy from a windmill lights a lamp.
Differences in temperatures cause wind.
A loud noise makes the windows rattle.