US History
Fort Burrows
ReviewChapter 17 w/Yellow Answers
racism – the belief that one race is by nature superior to another
border state – slave state that remained in the union during the civil war
martial law – ruled by the army instead of the elected government
Confederacy – alliance of Southern states that seceded from the Union
counter – to go against or contradict
inaugural address – speech given by the new president at the swearing-in ceremony
secede – to formally withdraw from an alliance or organization
sentiment – an attitude or emotion toward something
shell – to fire explosive objects at something; rockets, grenades, etc.
sovereignty – independent authority claimed by a state or community
Battle of Bull Run – 1st major battle of the Civil War, fought in Virginia in 1861
Virginia – ironclad warship used by the Confederates to break the Union blockade
Monitor – ironclad Union warship
Battle of Antietam – 1862, battle in Maryland; day-long battle,
more than 23,000 soldiers killed or wounded
Battle of Fredericksburg – an 1862 Civil War battle in Virginia;
one of the Union’s worst defeats
Battle of Chancellorsville – an 1863 Civil War battle in Virginia;
important victory for the Confederacy
Battle of Shiloh – 1862, battle in Tennessee, Union victory,
also the bloodiest battle of the Civil War
blockade – to have a port obstructed by hostile ships preventing entrance or exit
defensive resisting attack
offensive – the attacking force
rally – to come together for an effort or purpose
retreat – to stop fighting and withdraw to safety
emancipate – to set free
Emancipation Proclamation – President Lincoln’s 1863 declaration freeing
slaves in theConfederacy
54TH Massachusetts Regiment – African American unit in the Union Army
Fort Wagner – South Carolina fort, the site of an attack by the
African American 54th Massachusetts Regiment in 1863
desert – to leave without intending to return in violation of a duty
motive – a reason for doing something
regiment – a unit of ground, battle forces
Copperheads – northerner who opposed using force to keep the southern states in the Union
draft – law requiring certain people to serve in the military
habeas corpus – the right that no person can be held in prison without
first being charged with a specific crime
income tax – tax on people’s earnings
inflation – a rise in prices and a decrease in the value of money
profiteer – person who takes advantage of a crisis to make money
tactic – a plan for reaching a desired result
vital – extremely important
siege – military blockade or bombardment of an enemy town or position in order to force it to surrender
Battle of Gettysburg – an 1863 Civil War battle in Pennsylvania that left more than 50,000 soldiers dead or wounded; the Confederates never invaded the North again
Pickett’s Charge – failed Confederate charge at the Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address – speech made by President Lincoln in 1863 after the Battle of Gettysburg
total war – all-out war that affects civilians at home as well as soldiers in combat
Appomattox Court House – Virginia town that was the site of the Confederate surrender in 1865
barrage – continual assault of military fire to protect one’s troops
casualties – losses of life
distinctions – differences
lament – express sorrow or regret
preservation – to keep in existence or to protect
reinforcements – additional supplies of men, weapons, etc. with regard to military forces
1. What city was the capital of the Confederacy ? Richmond, Virginia
2. Which Army had a defensive strategy ? Confederate
3. List each public official’sjob/task during the Civil War.
Robert E. Lee –commander of the Confederate Army
Abraham Lincoln –President of the United States of America
Ulysses S. Grant –commander of the Union Army
Jefferson Davis –President of the for the Confederate States of America
4. Why did small southern farmers resent the Confederacy’s draft law ?
men who owned more than 20 slaves were exempt
5. List the four original border slave states.
a. Kentuckyb. Missouri
c.Marylandd. Delaware
6. How did Ulysses S. Grant’s concept of “total war” differ from earlier strategies ?
civilians were subject to the same hardships as enemy soldiers
7. List the 4 states that seceded from the Union after the original seven states ?
a. Arkansasb. Tennessee
c. Virginiad. North Carolina
8. What work during the Civil War changed employment opportunities for women in American society ? the outstanding performance of nurses
9. Based on Lincoln’s words below, how do you think Lincoln believed that the South should be treated after the Civil War ? they should receive fair treatment
10. How did the northern blockade affect the south ?
southern trade with other countries dropped sharply
11. List 2 successful strategies the North had for winning the Civil War ?
- the Union took control of the Mississippi River
b. blockaded Southern ports to cut off supplies
12. In the Gettysburg Address, President Lincoln said that soldiers had sacrificed their lives to ensure that “government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.” What type of government was Lincoln referring to ? Democracy
13. What caused most Union soldiers to die ?disease from wounds
14. What was President Lincoln’s goal for obtaining peace with the southern states ?
forgive them for breaking the law and reunite the states
15. Which southern state was the first to secede from the Union ? South Carolina
16. What wasthe main disadvantage for the North in the Civil War ?
would have to invade the South/unfamiliar land
17. List 4 disadvantages for the South in the Civil War…
a. few factories
b. few railroads
c. small population
d. political problems/states’ rights vs. central gov’t
18. List 6battles that were considered a ‘victory’ for the Union ?
a. Antietam
b. Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
c. Shiloh
d. Vicksburg
e.Gettysburg
f. Petersburg
19. List the 4 battles that were considered a ‘victory’ for the Confederacy ?
a.Bull Run
b. Fredericksburg
c. Chancellorsville
d. Fort Wagner
20. What was the main goal of the North at the beginning of the Civil War ?
to keep the Union together
21. How was General Grant planning to end the Civil War ?
destroy anything in the Souththat might be useful to their army
22. Why did the Civil War mark a major turning point in American history ?
Americans began to think of the country as one nation rather than as a confederation of states
23. List the main effect of the Emancipation Proclamation.
it added the abolition of slavery in the South to the Union’s war goals
24. Describe why was the Battle of Gettysburg has been noted as a turning point in the Civil War.
it was the last time that Confederate forces invaded the Union states
25. Describe what the Emancipation Proclamation Speech meant to…
The white man – All slavery would end in the near future
The black man– freed slaves within the Confederacy lands
26. Summarizes the constitutional conflict over states’ rights during the Civil War ?
Southern-Point-of-View – leaders believed they had a constitutional right to secede
Northern-Point-of-View – leaders did not agree and were willing to fight to save the Union
27. What are the reasons that General US Grant’s victory at Shiloh affect the Civil War ?
- it helped the Union seize control over the Southern Mississippi River
- it opened the possibilities to controlling the port of New Orleans
28.
“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in MINE, is the momentous issue of the Civil War…We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection…Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address
Based on the quotation, describe how Abraham Lincoln viewed his role as President of the growing civil conflict ?
he still considered himself the president of all Americans and wanted to avoid war with seceding states
29. Why was the Battle of Vicksburg so important in guiding the direction of the Civil War ?
this victory gave the Union army control of the Mississippi River
30. What effect did BOTH the South and the North experience during the Civil War ?
Inflation
31. What lesson was learned by both sides in the early days of the Civil War ?
both sides realized that their hopes for a short war were unrealistic
32. Describe Robert E Lee.
a. graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point
b. fought in the Mexican War
c. served as leader of Confederate troops
d. surrendered at Appomattox Court House
33. What was the most significant result of the Battle of Fredericksburg and the Battle of Chancellorsville ? both were stunning Confederate victories
34. How did slaves in the South contribute to the Union war effort ?
they slowed down their work or refused to work on the plantations
35. Summarize army life for the soldiers during the Civil War…
infection and disease were bigger threats than combat
36. How weretheUnion’s major goals achieved in the Civil War ?
by the determination of General Grant
37. What ‘knowledge’ was learned from the early Civil War battles ?
the need for well-trained soldiers
38. List an ‘economic’ changein the South towards the end of the war.
plantations grew food crops instead of cotton
39. How did African Americans in the Union Army contribute to the war effort ?
they fought in major battles by 1863
40. How did these females serve the Armies during the Civil War ?
Sojourner Truth –Union nurse; camps for freed slaves
Clara Barton –Union nurse; founded Red Cross
Dorothea Dix –Union nurse
Sally Tompkins –Confederate nurse; founded hospital in Richmond
41. Describe Jefferson Davis
- Secretary of War for President Pierce
- President of Confederate States of America
- Senator from Mississippi
42. Which Union goal was NEVER achieved during the Civil War ?
the capture of the Confederate government
43. List the ‘Specific’ dates of the Civil War…
April 12, 1861 –April 9, 1865
44. Why did Lincoln handle the slavery issue so cautiously at the beginning of the War ?
he wanted the border slave states to remain with the Union
45. Which group would have been MOST likely to disapprove of the Emancipation Proclamation ?
a southern planter
46. List a ‘civilian’ change in the North during the war.
habeas corpuswas suspended to preserve public safety
47. Listthe MAJOR result of the Civil War.
slavery was ended everywhere in the United States
48. In Lincoln’s 2nd term, what was his major goal for all citizens of the US ?
work toward peace and unity
1 of Chapter 17 Review with Yellow Answers April 2016