Supplementary Table S1Nycteribiid bat flies and other insects for outgroup taxa used in this study.

Bat fly species
Sample code / Host bat species / Collection
date1 / Collection locality2 / Collector3 / Nucleotide sequence accession number
16S rDNA4 / gyrB / groEL / COI5 / Mt rDNA6
Basilia truncata
BaTr1 / Plecotus auritus / 070923 / Rausu-cho, Menashi-gun, Hokkaido / NK / AB632404 / AB632446 / AB632489 / AB632530 / -
BaTr2 / Barbastella leucomelas / 070923 / Rausu-cho, Menashi-gun, Hokkaido / NK / AB632405 / AB632447 / - / AB632531 / -
BaTr3 / Barbastella leucomelas / 070923 / Rausu-cho, Menashi-gun, Hokkaido / NK / AB632406 / AB632448 / AB632490 / AB632532 / -
BaTr4 / Plecotus auritus / 070924 / Koshimizu-cho, Shari-gun, Hokkaido / NK / AB632407 / AB632449 / AB632491 / AB632533 / -
BaTr5 / Myotis mystacinus / 080714 / Shibetsu-cho, Shibetsu-gun, Hokkaido / KK / AB632408 / AB632450 / AB632492 / AB632534 / AB632573
BaTr6 / Myotis mystacinus / 080715 / Shibetsu-cho, Shibetsu-gun, Hokkaido / KK / AB632409 / AB632451 / AB632493 / AB632535 / -
BaTr7 / Myotis mystacinus / 080717 / Sarufutsu-mura, Souya-gun, Hokkaido / KK / AB632410 / AB632452 / AB632494 / AB632536 / AB632574
BaTr8 / Myotis ikonnikovi / 080628 / Tsubetsu-cho, Abashiri-gun, Hokkaido / NK / - / AB632453 / - / AB632537 / -
Basilia rybini
BaRy1 / Myotis petax / 080908 / Bekkai-cho, Notsuke-gun, Hokkaido / NK / AB632411 / AB632454 / AB632495 / AB632538 / AB632575
Nycteribia allotopa
NyAl17,8 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 061015 / Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo / NU / AB632412 / - / - / - / -
NyAl27,8 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 061015 / Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo / NU / AB632413 / - / - / - / -
NyAl3 / Miniopterus fuscus / 070719 / Nago-shi, Okinawa Is., Okinawa / HY / AB632414 / AB632455 / AB632496 / AB632539 / -
NyAl4 / Miniopterus fuscus / 070719 / Nago-shi, Okinawa Is., Okinawa / HY / AB632415 / AB632456 / AB632497 / AB632540 / -
NyAl5 / Rhinolophus pumilus / 070720 / Onna-son, Okinawa Is., Okinawa / HY / AB632416 / AB632457 / AB632498 / AB632541 / -
NyAl6 / Rhinolophus pumilus / 070720 / Onna-son, Okinawa Is., Okinawa / HY / AB632417 / AB632458 / AB632499 / AB632542 / -
NyAl7 / Rhinolophus pumilus / 070727 / Nago-shi, Okinawa Is., Okinawa / HY / AB632418 / AB632459 / AB632500 / AB632543 / -
NyAl8 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 070509 / Gujo-shi, Gifu / HH / AB632419 / AB632460 / AB632501 / AB632544 / -
NyAl9 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 070509 / Gujo-shi, Gifu / HH / AB632420 / AB632461 / AB632502 / AB632545 / AB632576
NyAl10 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 070811 / Nishimuro-gun, Wakayama / KM / AB632421 / AB632462 / AB632503 / AB632546 / -
NyAl11 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 070811 / Nishimuro-gun, Wakayama / KM / AB632422 / AB632463 / AB632504 / AB632547 / AB632577
Nycteribia pygmaea
NyPy1 / Myotis macrodactylus / 070621 / Kumano-shi, Mie / HH / AB632423 / AB632464 / AB632505 / AB632548 / -
NyPy2 / Myotis macrodactylus / 080713 / Shari-cho, Shari-gun, Hokkaido / NK / AB632424 / AB632465 / AB632506 / AB632549 / -
NyPy3 / Myotis macrodactylus / 080713 / Shari-cho, Shari-gun, Hokkaido / NK / - / AB632466 / AB632507 / AB632550 / -
NyPy4 / Myotis macrodactylus / 080713 / Shari-cho, Shari-gun, Hokkaido / NK / AB632425 / AB632467 / AB632508 / AB632551 / AB632578
NyPy5 / Myotis macrodactylus / 080713 / Shari-cho, Shari-gun, Hokkaido / NK / AB632426 / AB632468 / AB632509 / AB632552 / AB632579
Nycteribia pleuralis
NyPl1 / Myotis nattereri / 070826 / Tanabe-shi, Wakayama / HH / AB632427 / AB632469 / AB632510 / AB632553 / -
NyPl2 / Myotis nattereri / 070826 / Tanabe-shi, Wakayama / HH / - / AB632470 / AB632511 / AB632554 / -
NyPl3 / Myotis macrodactylus / 070621 / Kumano-shi, Mie / HH / AB632428 / AB632471 / AB632512 / AB632555 / -
NyPl4 / Myotis mystacinus / 080712 / Otofuke-cho, Kato-gun, Hokkaido / KK / AB632429 / AB632472 / AB632513 / AB632556 / AB632580
NyPl5 / Myotis petax / 080805 / Nemuro-shi, Hokkaido / NK / AB632430 / AB632473 / AB632514 / AB632557 / AB632581
NyPl6 / Myotis petax / 080908 / Bekkai-cho, Notsuke-gun, Hokkaido / NK / AB632431 / AB632474 / AB632515 / AB632558 / -
Penicillidia jenynsii
PeJe17,8,9 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 061015 / Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo / NU / AB632432 / - / - / -
PeJe27,8,9 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 061015 / Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo / NU / AB632433 / - / - / -
PeJe3 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 070414 / Tsu-shi, Mie / HH / AB632434 / AB632475 / AB632516 / AB632559 / AB632582
PeJe4 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 070509 / Gujo-shi, Gifu / HH / AB632435 / AB632476 / AB632517 / AB632560 / AB632583
PeJe5 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 070614 / Nakano-shi, Nagano / HH / AB632436 / AB632477 / AB632518 / AB632561 / -
PeJe6 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 070811 / Nishimuro-gun, Wakayama / KM / AB632437 / AB632478 / AB632519 / AB632562 / -
PeJe7 / Miniopterus fuliginosus / 070811 / Nishimuro-gun, Wakayama / KM / AB632438 / AB632479 / AB632520 / AB632563 / -
Penicillidia monoceros
PeMo1 / Myotis macrodactylus / 080516 / Nemuro-shi, Hokkaido / NK / AB632439 / AB632480 / AB632521 / AB632564 / AB632584
PeMo2 / Myotis macrodactylus / 080713 / Shari-cho, Shari-gun, Hokkaido / NK / AB632440 / AB632481 / AB632522 / AB632565 / -
PeMo3 / Myotis petax / 080805 / Nemuro-shi, Hokkaido / NK / AB632441 / AB632482 / AB632523 / AB632566 / AB632585
PeMo4 / Myotis petax / 080805 / Nemuro-shi, Hokkaido / NK / AB632442 / AB632483 / AB632524 / AB632567 / -
Phthiridium hindlei
PhHi1 / Rhinolophus ferrumequinum / 070504 / Outaki-mura, Kiso-gun, Nagano / HH / AB632443 / AB632484 / AB632525 / AB632568 / -
PhHi2 / Rhinolophus ferrumequinum / 080731 / Misaki-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka / NU / AB632444 / AB632485 / AB632526 / AB632569 / AB632586
PhHi3 / Rhinolophus ferrumequinum / 080731 / Misaki-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka / NU / AB632445 / AB632486 / AB632527 / AB632570 / AB632587
Outgroup
taxa / Host insect/animal species
Riesia pediculicola / Pediculus humanus
(human body louse) / 020204 / Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo / NY & NS / AB26310310 / AB632487 / AB632528 / - / -
Riesia pediculicola / Pediculus capitis
(human head louse) / 040517 / Itabashi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo / AK / AB26310510 / AB632488 / AB632529 / - / -
Brachytarsina kanoi / Miniopterus fuscus
(Ryukyu bent-winged bat) / 070117 / Ishigaki Is., Okinawa / KO / - / - / - / AB632571 / AB632588
Lipoptena fortisetosa / Cervus nippon
(Japanese Sika deer) / 070901 / Nara Park, Nara-shi, Nara / TF / - / - / - / AB632572 / AB632589

1 For example, 070923 indicates 23 September 2007.

2 All localities are in Japan.

3 NK, Norihisa Kondo; KK, Kuniko Kawai; NU, Nobutaka Urano; HY, Hajime Yoshino; HH, Hajime Hashimoto; KM, Ken-ichiro Maruyama;; NY, Noboru Yaguchi; NS, Naomi Seki; AK, Akio Kobayashi; KO, Kazue Okumura; TF, Takema Fukatsu.

4 Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene.

5 Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene.

6 Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene.

7 These individuals represent the samples for the initial 16S rRNA gene analyses of endosymbionts in P. jenynsii and N. allotopa collected at Sayo-gun, Hyogo, Japan.

8 Representing the samples subjected to histological inspection of endosymbionts.

9 16S rRNA gene sequences of Wolbachia endosymbionts from PeJe1 and PeJe2 were deposited in the DNA databases with accession numbers AB632590 and AB632591, respectively.

10Reported by Sasaki-Fukatsu K, Koga R, Nikoh N, Yoshizawa K, Kasai S, Mihara M, Kobayashi M, Tomita M, Fukatsu T. (2006). Symbiotic bacteria associated with stomach discs of human lice. Appl Environ Microbiol 72: 7349-7352.