HistoryCulture S1 Worksheet (Teacher’s Copy)
Topic 4 –Life in ancient Rome
Rome
- The birth of ancient Rome civilisation
2. Knowing the facts
Carefully read the relevant information in this text, and then find the answers.
Answer: (Reasoning based on facts would be acceptable.)
______
- The Political Structures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
Use information A, B and C in the database to fill in the blank spaces in the form and hold group discussions.
Information A: Athens
Information B: Sparta
Information C: Ancient Rome
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HistoryCulture S1 Worksheet (Teacher’s Copy)
Topic 4 –Life in ancient Rome
Rome
(1)Comparison of political institutions and citizens’ rights in ancient Greece and ancient Rome
Political institutions / Citizens’ rightsAncient Greece / Athens had a system of political forums, and the citizens had governance right . / Only free menhad the right to take part in the Assembly.
Sparta is ruled by king, the people had to swear allegiance to their kings. / Citizens of Sparta had no political participation right.
Ancient Rome / Rome was a Republic; its consuls were nominated by the senate. / Plebeians and patricians had no governance right.
The Plebeians had the right to take part in election and political forum, but with limited power.
(2)Group discussion:
(a)If a comparison was made to modern democracy, did the citizens of Athens have true democracy?
(Answers with reasoning based on facts would be acceptable.)
______
(b)The Senate and the Assembly of the Roman Republic evolved into the bicameral parliamentary systems of Great Britain and the US in the present day, try to fill in the correct names in the blank spaces below:
Rome / UK / USASenate / The House of Lords / The Senate
Assembly / The House of Commons / Congress
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HistoryCulture S1 Worksheet (Teacher’s Copy)
Topic 4 –Life in ancient Rome
Rome
- Economic Life in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
6Experiencing economic life in the city state of Greece
You are a junior secondaryschool student. By chance, you are given the opportunity to take a ride on a time machine travelling back to the era of ancient Greece . This experience will last for two months; you will be living and working in one of the city states. The following are some of the people you will befriend with in the time of ancient Greece while you are living in different cities. What choice will you make?
(i)Will you choose to live in Sparta or Athens? And why?
Students may write their own answers.
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(ii)Can you describe the main economic activities of the Spartans based on the above information?
The main activity of the Spartans is agriculture, and they do not conduct commercial activity. They live a very simple life
(iii)Can you describe the main economic activities of the Athenians based on the above information?
The Athenians are mostly craftsmen and merchants. Because Athens has a good natural harbour, hence it has well-developed maritime trade.
- Greek and Roman Religious Beliefs
Introduction:
Polytheism is the religion of ancient Greece. The ancient Greeks created many mythologies to explain the birth of the cosmos and the origins of the Gods. And the religion of ancient Rome in the early periods was deeply influenced by ancient Greece, with many deities being directly transplanted from Greek mythologies, and the Romans merely renamed them. It was not until the time of Emperor Constantine I that Rome gradually changed from believing in a multitude of Gods to the Christian faith.
- Knowing the facts about religions in ancient Greece and ancient Rome
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HistoryCulture S1 Worksheet (Teacher’s Copy)
Topic 4 –Life in ancient Rome
Rome
1
HistoryCulture S1 Worksheet (Teacher’s Copy)
Topic 4 –Life in ancient Rome
Rome
1.Topics of discussion
- Try to use Information a: and Information b: to describe in what ways ancient Roman religious belief differ to ancient Greek religious belief.
The ancient Romans had a fearing respect to the Gods, moreover, they were alsoquite willing to accept the gods and religious beliefs of the territories they conquered and merging these into their own system of religious faith.
- Describe the characteristic traits of the Gods of ancient Greece and ancient Rome according to the information in a, b and c, giving examples to support your answer.
As the ancient Greeks believed in many Gods, they considered all things have spirits, the Gods have human-like appearance and each have their own personality, they would argue, envy, anger, love, hate, or even go to war, each of them are engaging in different affairs.
- Describe the relationship between religious belief and the Olympic Games according to Information a, Information b.
The ancient Greeks would have many different ways to appease the Gods, and the purpose of the Olympic Games is to praisethe god Zeus.
2. Collecting Information
Find a picture of a famous temple of ancient Greece or ancient Rome, and write a caption.
(Answers with reasoning based on facts would be acceptable.)
- From polytheism to monotheism
Beginning in the first century AD, a new religion – Christianity had started to come to prominence within the territory of the Roman Empire. Because of the monotheism belief of the Christian followers and their message of equality and universal love, they are not tolerated by the rulersof the Roman Empireat the time,they suffered all kinds of persecutions, and many were killed for their faith. Only by 313 AD did Constantine the Great finally recognise the legitimate status of the Christian religion.
1. Studying the map
The missionary route of Paul
羅馬 / Rome希臘 / Greece
馬爾他 / Malta
地中海 / Mediterranean Sea
黑海 / Black Sea
小亞細亞 / Asia Minor
塔爾蘇斯 / Tarsus
耶路撒冷 / Jerusalem
猶太 / Judea
紅海 / Red Sea
基督教的世界 / The Christian world
保羅前往羅馬的離線 / The route of Paul’s journeyto Rome
西元100年時的基督教會所在地 / Site of Christian church in 100 AD
西元300年時基督教佔優勢的地方 / Region dominated by Christianity in 300 AD
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HistoryCulture S1 Worksheet (Teacher’s Copy)
Topic 4 –Life in ancient Rome
Rome
2. Reading information
“The spread of Christianity to Western Europe – From rejection to acceptance”
- The Relations of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome with Other People
- Ancient Greece’s relation with other people
Timeline
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HistoryCulture S1 Worksheet (Teacher’s Copy)
Topic 4 –Life in ancient Rome
Rome
Maps
約西元前500年的希臘及周邊地區 / Greece and the surrounding regions in about the time of 500 BC義大利 / Italy
希臘 / Greece
地中海 / Mediterranean Sea
埃及 / Egypt
尼羅河 / The Nile
紅海 / Red Sea
小亞細亞 / Asia Minor
黑海 / Black Sea
底格里斯河 / TigrisRiver
幼發拉底河 / EuphratesRiver
波希戰爭路線圖 / A route map of the Greco-Persian Wars
希臘 / Greece
德爾摩比利 / Thermopylae
馬拉松 / Marathon
雅典 / Athens
薩拉米 / Salamis
斯巴達 / Sparta
愛琴海 / Aegean Sea
波斯帝國 / Persian Empire
波斯進軍路線 / The Persian march route
戰場 / Battle field
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HistoryCulture S1 Worksheet (Teacher’s Copy)
Topic 4 –Life in ancient Rome
Rome
Heroic Legend
1. Group discussion
(1)What is the relationship between the Athenians living in the city state and the other people?
As the economy of the city state developed, its population expanded, the people of the city state sailed the oceans and established colonies in many places, this has inevitably resulted in military conflicts with other people in the surrounding regions, for example, the Greco-Persian Wars, and so on.
(2)What is the link between the Battle of Marathon and the modern day “Marathon Race”? Try to find the answer using the information in “Historical facts”.
(Answers with reasoning based on facts would be acceptable.)
2. Study history by watching movie
Movie: “Alexander the Great – The Greatest Empire Builder”
Watch the movie, then share your views with members of your group; fill in the following personal opinion columns.
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HistoryCulture S1 Worksheet (Teacher’s Copy)
Topic 4 –Life in ancient Rome
Rome
Contents of themovie:
00；00 / The first conqueror “Alexander the Great”.1:00 / In 331 BC, Alexander marched his army into war with Persia.
2：26 / Alexander under the protection of Zeus.
2：35 / When he was young, Alexander’s father already united all the city states of Greece.
3：15 / At that time, Persia occupied several city states of Greece.
5：15 / According to legend, Alexander’s mother had an affair with Zeus and gave birth to Alexander; he is hence under the protection of Zeus.
6：00 / Alexander was a multi-talented person.
8：12 / He gained several years of military experience.
8：35 / Philip II vs Persia.
10：30 / Alexander gaining power.
10：50 / Alexander was educated by Greek teacher from a young age.
12：13 / During the Persian invasion of Greece, six thousand people were killed and thirty thousand taken prisoner; Alexander decided to help the city state of Greece.
12：50 / In 334 BC, Alexander resolved to help Greece against Persia.
16：10 / Darius III of Persiaassembled an army of one hundred thousand men to fight a decisive battle with Alexander.
18：54 / Darius III was defeated and fled, leaving his wife and family behind, but his family was otherwise well-treated by Alexander.
20：10 / Alexander celebrating with his soldiers, and he enjoys the support of his soldiers.
20：40 / Alexander marching into Egypt striking in into the heart of the Persian Empire. The Egyptians regarded Alexander as their saviour.
In 333 BC, the Egyptian Pharaoh esteemed Alexander as “god”. After the conquest of Egypt, Alexander went on to spread Greek culture in the local region.
24：00 / The invasion of the Persian Empire by Alexander.
26：00 / After capturing the Balkans, Illyria, the soldiers started to show signs of battle fatigue in the EuphratesRiver.
27：12 / As Darius III is battling Alexander, the soldiers grumbled.
34：30 / DariusIII is defeated again after the battle at Gaugamela. Alexander became the glory of Asia.
35：32 / Alexander is still unsatisfied, he continuesthe war in places like Palestine.
37：20 / Alexander established the post of viceroy in Persia.
38：00 / The soldiers are homesick, but Alexander still wants to continue the war.
39：25 / The death of Darius III.
40：40 / Alexander reached India, spreading Greek culture in the colonies there.
43：10 / After marching for eight thousand miles, the soldiers are getting very homesick indeed.
44：52 / The soldiers again refused to fight; Alexander announced the plans to return home.
48：18 / Alexander died of illness.
49：32 / Concluding remarks:
Alexander built a vast empire, leaving behind a heritage of civilisation in many new cities.
After the death of Alexander, his Empire gradually disintegrated.
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HistoryCulture S1 Worksheet (Teacher’s Copy)
Topic 4 –Life in ancient Rome
Rome
- Ancient Rome’s relation with other people
3. Group discussion
(1)Historians say: “The Romans defeated the Greeks politically, but they were defeated culturally by the Greeks.” Do you agree with this statement? Please explain. (Hints: Consider the question from the three aspects of religion, literature and the architectural art)
(Answers with reasoning based on facts would be acceptable)
- A Review of the Heritage of Civilisation from Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
The ancient Greek civilisation was the founding stone of Western culture; after the Romans conquered Greece, they enthusiastically embraced the essence of Greek culture, and creating their own culture.
1. Fill in the form and make comparisons
- Complete the chart and form below according to the information in the text or the internet;
- Describe the respective areas of distinctions for the ancient Greek civilisation and the ancient Roman civilisation.
(Answers with reasoning based on facts would be acceptable)
Ancient Greek civilisation:
Ancient Roman civilisation:
Conclusion:
The ancient Greek and Roman civilisations spread to the whole of Europe through the expansion of the Roman Empire, laying the foundations for European culture.
Greek / RomanLetters and numerals / The Greek alphabets became the origin of European languages,suchas English. / The Latin language originated from Greek; it forms the basis of today’s European script.
The Roman numerals are still frequently in everyday use in many countries around the world.
Political systems / Establishing the idea of democracy. / Inspired by the democratic political institutions of ancient Greece the bicameral parliamentary system with an “Upper House” and a “Lower House” is developed, and it remained widely adopted in many countries around the world.
Law / Roman laws are noted for their strict impartialityand comprehensiveness, reflecting the spirit of every man being equal before the law, and hence establishing a tradition of sound legal framework.
Philosophy / The three great thinkers of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
Literary history / The Iliad and Odyssey by Homer, Aesop's Fables, Greek mythology, and the theatrical plays all deeply influenced the literary art in subsequent periods.
Historiography: Herodotus wrote The Histories.
Architectural carving / Numerous palaces and temples supported by giant stone columnswere built, for example, the Parthenon, there were many lifelike sculptures of human figures. / Roman buildings are distinguished by their colonnade, arch and the Roman dome, including the most famousamphitheatrearena and the Pantheon.
The Romans built dense networks of roadways with a straight and smooth surface.
Calendar / The Julian Calendar introduced by Caesar became the basis for today’s Gregorian calendar.
Scientific achievements / In the sphere of mathematics and physics, there were the “Pythagorean Theorem”, Archimedes’ lever principle, and Archimedes’ Law, as well as the “Elements” written by Euclid.
In astronomy and geography, the knowledge to predict the movements of the stars and mapmaking were already well developed.
In the area of medicine, there was the Hippocratic Oathwritten by the “Father of medicine”, it subsequently became the article of faith followed by doctors in later periods.
The competitive sporting spirit / The Olympic Games of the ancient world staged to commemorate Zeus have continued to the present day.
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